1 10 32 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1952/original/bf1e7a4bdfd89618735ee61c533876be.jpg 3597c32f03cd42f180ccc5d84097e8bf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map Tracings Description An account of the resource [] Map layer Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 01. Organizing Components Subject The topic of the resource Map of Greater Cleveland Description An account of the resource Layer 01 identifies key organizing components of the map, including a grid reference and state outline. While the main argument of this map is transit mobility, it was important to capture the train as a central structure as well. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context General Content: Reference Coordinates General Content: State Boundary Analytical Content: Standard Projection Analytical Content: Map Design Components design components Ohio reference coordinates State Boundary https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1952/original/7080b7f5e51701c9add0c7b44789bda5.jpg 4bbc393b81012c672075ebd194935b72 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map Tracings Description An account of the resource [] Map layer Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 02 Railway Network Subject The topic of the resource Map of Greater Cleveland Description An account of the resource Layer 02 depicts the railway network. Rail is one of two types of transit modes in this map, and a central theme. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context General Content: Railway General Content: Commerce General Content: Stockyards Analytical Content: Major Transit Routes Analytical Content: Tranist Logistics connectivity distribution lines logistics rail yards railway network stock yards transportation https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1952/original/25b0926e56624dd834738c82be850ef7.jpg 86c61b7a8f90455e8be00ad133ff6989 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map Tracings Description An account of the resource [] Map layer Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 03 Radial Arc Distances Subject The topic of the resource Map of Greater Cleveland Description An account of the resource Layer 03 represent radial (distance) arcs. Because the primary argument of this map is related to transit mobility, the radials identify proximity. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context General Content: Radial Arcs General Content: Geometry Analytical Content: Distance Bands Analytical Content: Centrality Analytical Content: Proximity central node distance proximity travel https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1952/original/7c7a8cfcbc771d9cc1e93d7452eb5ffb.jpg 40b4457a8e156e47a3881f54116a8211 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map Tracings Description An account of the resource [] Map layer Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 04 Neal Fireproof Storage Locations Subject The topic of the resource Map of Greater Cleveland Description An account of the resource Layer 04 identifies the locations of the Neal Company's three storage facilities around Cleveland. It also identifies and locates names of cities outside of Greater Cleveland where they service. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context General Content: Storage Facilities General Content: City Directions/Names Analytical Content: Service Areas Analytical Content: Facility Network facilities Place Names services storage locations toponyms Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map Tracings Description An account of the resource [] Hyperlink A link, or reference, to another resource on the Internet. URL https://www.zotero.org/groups/history_1952/items/collectionKey/P5VGX7PS Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bibliography: Dutch Geopolitics in 17th-Century New Amsterdam Subject The topic of the resource Kahn, quoted in “The Mind of Louis Kahn,” Architectural Forum 137 (July-August):77 Kahn, “The Continual Renewal of Architecture Comes for Changing Concepts of Space,” Perspecta, no. 4 (1957): 65 Tony Campbell, "New Light on the Jansson-Visscher Maps of New England," Map Collectors’ Series, 24 (1965) Helen Wilkinson Reynolds, Dutch Houses in the Hudson Valley Before 1776, Payson and Clarke Ltd. for the Holland Society of New York, 1929. Reprinted by Dover Publications Inc. 1965. Scheltema, Gajus and Westerhuijs, Heleen (eds.),Exploring Historic Dutch New York. Museum of the City of New York/Dover Publications, New York 2011 James Deetz, In Small Things Forgotten: The Archaeology of Early American Life (Garden City, N.Y., 1977) Oliver P. Chitwood, A history of Colonial America, 3rd ed. New York: Harper, 1961 pp 17-18 Wilbur R. Jacobs, “the great Despoliation: Environmental Themes in American Frontier History,” Pacific Historical Review 46 (Feburary 1978):79 Roderick Nash, Wilderness and the American Mind (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1967), pp. 2-3, 7, 8-22, 24-39. John D. Cushing, ed., The Laws of the Pilgrims: A Facsimile Edition of The Book of General Laws of the Inhabitants of Jurisdiction of New Plymouth, 1672 and 1685 (Wilmington, Delaware, 1977) p. xiii. J.H. Trumbull and C.J. Hoadley, eds., Public Records of the Colony of Connecticut (1636-1776), 15 vols. (Hartford, 1850-1890), 1;67, 558 Quodbach. Esmée. Holland’s golden age in America : collecting the art of Rembrandt, Vermeer, and Hals. [New York, N.Y.] : The Frick Collection ; University Park, Pennsylvania : The Pennsylvania State University Press, [2014] Jacobs, Jaap. The Colony of  New Netherlands. Ithaca, New York: Cornel University Press, 2009. Rink, Oliver Holland on the Hudson: An Economic and Social History of Dutch New York, Ithaca, NY: Cornell, 1986 Eric Jay Dolin, Fur, Fortune and Empire: The Epic History of the Fur Trade in America (2010) p. xvi Innis, Harold Adams. The Fur Trade in Canada: An Introduction to Canadian Economic History, (Toronto ; Buffalo : University of Toronto Press, 1956). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map Tracings Description An account of the resource [] Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bibliography: Reynolds's Political Map: Slavery and Freedom in the 1850s Description An account of the resource “An Act to Authorize the People of the Missouri Territory to Form a Constitution and State Government, and for the Admission of Such State into the Union on an Equal Footing with the Original States, and to Prohibit Slavery in Certain Territories.” A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875, March 6, 1820. https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=003/llsl003.db&recNum=586. “An Act to Organize the Territories of Nebraska and Kansas.” United States Statutes at Large : Treaties of the United States of America Vol 10 Page 277 Boston : Little Brown, 1855, 1854. Yale Law School, Lillian Goldman Law Library: The Avalon Project, Documents in Law, History, and Diplomacy. http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/kanneb.asp. “An Act to Organize the Territories of Nebraska and Kansas.” A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875, May 30, 1854. https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=010/llsl010.db&recNum=298. Bufford, John Henry, and Winslow Homer. Argument of the Chivalry. 1 print : lithograph on wove paper, 36.9 x 51.8 cm, 1856. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print. Library of Congress. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2008661576/. “Daguerreotype Photograph of Charles Sumner.” Wikipedia, n.d. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_Sumner_1855_BPL-crop.jpg. Disturnell, J. “Mapa de los Estados Unidos de Méjico : segun lo organizado y definido por las varias actas del congreso de dicha républica y construido por las mejores autoridades.” The Library of Congress: Hispanic Reading Room, March 3, 2015. https://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/ghtreaty/ghmaps.jpg. Foner, Eric. Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party before the Civil War: With a New Introductory Essay. Oxford University Press, 1970. https://books.google.com/books?id=HUqJPUyS83AC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false. Greeley, Horace. Proceedings of the First Three Republican National Conventions of 1856, 1860 and 1864. Minneapolis, Minnesota: C.W. Johnson, 1893. https://archive.org/details/proceedingsoffir00repu. Howard, John R. Henry Ward Beecher: A Study of His Personality, Career, and Influence in Public Affairs. Fords, Howard & Hulbert, 1891. https://books.google.com/books?vid=HARVARD:HX2X4A&printsec=titlepage. John Brown, Engraving from a Daguerreotype. Engraving from a daguerreotype, 1856. Photo Number: 531116. National Archives and Records Administration. https://media1.britannica.com/eb-media/92/127692-004-75B0B1DE.jpg. Magee, John L. Forcing Slavery down the Throat of a Freesoiler. 1 print : lithograph on wove paper, 24.8 x 37 cm., 1856. American political prints, 1766-1876 / Bernard F. Reilly. Boston : G.K. Hall, 1991, entry 1856-8. Library of Congress. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2008661578/. ———. Liberty, the Fair Maid of Kansas--in the Hands of the “Border Ruffians.” 1 print : lithograph on wove paper, 21 x 38 cm., 1856. Library of Congress Rare Book and Special Collections Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Library of Congress. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2008661579/. ———. The Great Presidential Race of 1856. 24 x 40 cm., 1856. Library of Congress Rare Book and Special Collections Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Library of Congress. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2008661583/. N. Currier (Firm). Grand National Republican Banner: Free Labor, Free Speech, Free Territory. 1 print : lithograph, hand-colored., 1856. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Library of Congress. http://loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3b50499/. “naghshe_koli_2015_chap_email1-dcba5.jpg (JPEG Image, 798 × 558 Pixels) - Scaled (95%).” Accessed October 23, 2016. http://uic.org/com/local/cache-vignettes/L798xH558/naghshe_koli_2015_chap_email1-dcba5.jpg?1449598086. “REPUBLICAN NATIONAL CONVENTION.” National Era (1847-1860), June 26, 1856, Vol X, no. 495 edition. Proquest. http://search.proquest.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/docview/137655927?accountid=11311. “Republican Party Platform of 1856.” The American Presidency Project, June 18, 1856. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=29619. Sumner, Charles. The Crime against Kansas. Speech of Hon. Charles Sumner, of Massachusetts. In the Senate of the United States, May 19, 1856. New York: Greeley & McElrath, 1856. https://archive.org/details/crimeagainstkans00sumn. “The Caning of Charles Sumner.” United States Senate, n.d. http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/The_Caning_of_Senator_Charles_Sumner.htm. The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. “Bleeding Kansas.” Encyclopædia Britannica, 2016. https://www.britannica.com/event/Bleeding-Kansas-United-States-history. ———. “Pottawatomie Massacre.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2016. https://www.britannica.com/event/Pottawatomie-Massacre. “The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.” The Library of Congress: Hispanic Reading Room, March 3, 2015. https://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/ghtreaty/. “Transcript of Missouri Compromise (1820).” Our Documents, March 6, 1820. https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=22&page=transcript. “Wilmot Proviso.” Britannica Academic. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., n.d. http://academic.eb.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/levels/collegiate/article/77114. Wolff, Gerald W. “Party and Section: The Senate and the Kansas-Nebraska Bill.” Civil War History 18, no. 4 (1972): 293–311. http://muse.jhu.edu/article/419119. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1952/original/2c2ac330d473ea6c85304cd8e27b9696.jpg 293f67e3bb60faf04dd075d68afd3032 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map Tracings Description An account of the resource [] Map layer Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Capitalized text Description An account of the resource I chose to incorporate only the capitalized text in this layer for two reasons: (1) It seems to me that choice of the font/size of the textual references bears some implications about how important certain features were to the map-makers (the more prominent the text; the more important the text to the meaning of the map). (2) a practical reason: the small-printed (cursive) textual references in the map are manifold and printed in such a high density that I could not possibly trace them all. Almost all the capitalized text on this map seems to refer to toponyms (place or region names, rivers, oceans) or to the names of native American tribes (e.g. Matouwacs, Nahicans, etc.) dutch latin territorial claims toponyms tribe names https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1952/original/a441045fe84258d825be8a0b479d84c4.jpg 0a9f4cc3a7f86c0c6019df2a0b00f247 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map Tracings Description An account of the resource [] Map layer Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Color Washes Description An account of the resource This layer contains a wash of three distinct colors: bright red for free states, dark blue-gray for slave states, and green for territories that were, as the map’s title calls it, “open to slavery or freedom by the repeal of the Missouri Compromise” of 1854. This layer encapsulates what I find to be the central object of the map as a whole, which is to use abstraction to convey a political message. The color washes appear to have been applied by a distracted artist rather than a fastidious cartographer. For instance, the colors spill over lines liberally—Long Island Sound or the loose splashes over Nantucket and Martha’s Vineyard provide good examples. There is almost the sense that the cartographer accidentally spilled buckets of paint over the map. This looseness plays into how the abstract colors represent political ideology rather than distinct geographic features. In conveying that political message, the mapmakers made distinct choices in color choice. Coloring the slave states a dark blue-gray gives the impression that the slave power is as a storm cloud that darkens and encroaches upon the innocent, natural greenness of the unclaimed territories. This dark coloring of slavery also has the effect of connoting immorality, especially in contrast to the bright, chipper cherry red of the free states. Moreover, the dark blue has the effect of making it extremely difficult to discern the natural features, like rivers, in the slave states—a fact that I learned the hard way in my tracing. I contend that this obfuscation of natural features is intentional; the mapmakers seek to prove in obscuring the rivers and mountains that slavery is unnatural and counter to the ideals of the land that the red and green colors highlight so much more clearly and favorably. Analytical Tag: Kansas Nebraska Act Analytical Tag: Repeal of Missouri Compromise Analytical Tag: Westward Expansion General Content: red green and blue General Content: Slavery and Freedom General Content: Watercolor https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1952/original/4490174d379d91637eeafe0c92ac104b.jpg 80e5b2e1d891295424f17d6119f73d6b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map Tracings Description An account of the resource [] Map layer Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Divide Between Land and the Water Description An account of the resource Here is just the divide between land and water in New England. This includes the Atlantic Ocean, various rivers, and all the other bodies of water that the map creator includes. Bodies of Water Land Proportions of land transportation network https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1952/original/528f4edb82872348be040766ab98c39a.jpg 0081096a1329419f6944011875fd13ac Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map Tracings Description An account of the resource [] Map layer Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource External Frame of Reference for the Map Description An account of the resource This layer is the frame for the map, the scale and original description from the map creator, as well as the 19th-century description of the map explaining its purpose and errors. This layer has every tool the map creator provides such as a compass rose that does not refer to anything specifically on the land itself. Background Information Description Explanation of Errors Legends Scale