Arrowsmith & Lewis's Map of the Netherlands, 1804
description: Here is an American map of the Netherlands created in 1804. Like Cary's map, this map seems to show the region of Belgium as separate from France. However, unlike Cary's map, there are no strict borders between France and Holland defined. Instead this map focusses it's energies of local authority, dividing the map up into counties instead of countries. There are regions defined as "French Netherlands" on the southern half of the map, but cities such as Ghent, who would have self-identified as French during this time period appears to lie outside of that region. It's interesting because America had just fought a war with England, allied with France, and so one could assume that they have no reason to discredit the French Republic. However, the founding fathers of America famously held back full support of the French Revolution, because it was Louis XVI who sent them aid in the War for Independence.
creator: Aaron Arrowsmith and Samuel Lewis
source: David Rumsey Map Collection
publisher: J. Conrad
date: 1804
language: English

Atlas de Battista Agnese
rights: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives

Baedeker Map of Western Paris
description: This is half of a map of Paris included in Baedeker's 1878 English-language guidebook to the Paris region. It gives us a sense of what British visitors to Paris in the late 19th and early 20th centuries would have seen -- after all, this guidebook and others like it directed them. Certain buildings are highlighted, along with railway lines, parks, rivers, neighbourhoods and major roads. Interestingly, among the buildings picked out, a large number have some government connection, such as the "Ecole Militaire," "C. [cours] Legislatif" and "Palais de l'Elysees." (There are also a lot of churches). It seems it was a convention to mark out public buildings on urban maps -- an 1883 atlas map of Paris does the same -- but whether or not the mapmaker was deliberately directing tourists to these buildings or just following a convention is not really important: the map was used as a tool, and even if tourists strenuously avoided such buildings, they would have had to use them to navigate and thus anchor their sense of location to such buildings. Thus it seems tourists in Paris would in most cases encounter the symbolically-important buildings of the French government, and perhaps they would link those government buildings to their overall impression of Paris. Perhaps they would have found the government buildings impressive or unthreatening. Even if they found the buildings sinister and exotic, their view of the institutions contained within them would be tempered by the surrounding city, which the buildings represented. After all, capital cities are often used to refer metonymically to governments. Indeed, the streets marked out on the map constitute a catalogue of great French people (such as Montaigne) and battles (such as Wagram). The experience of visiting Paris perhaps allowed English visitors to view France's history from that country's perspective, rather than from their own, for example by seeing how victories over Britain's allies (such as at Iena, Wagram, Eylau) w…
creator: Wagner & Debes, Leipzig
publisher: Karl Baedeker
date: 1878
relation: Included in Karl Baedeker, Paris and its Environs: With Routes from London to Paris, and from Paris to the Rhine and Switzerland, Handbook for Travellers (Leipsic [sic.]: Karl Baedeker, 1878).
format: Foldout map from a guidebook
type: Historical Tourist Map
coverage: City Level (though because of how it was digitized, this file is only half of a larger map of the whole of Paris)

Baffin Bay

Basic information and non-spatial information
description: This layer presents the organization, basic elements, and decorations. This map was organized into three different parts: the main map, an inset in the upper-right corner, and a cartouche at the bottom. Basic elements in the map comprised the topic, the scale, and the compass roses. The compass roses were drawn not only on the main map but also in the inset. In the decorations, much valuable non-spatial information was presented. For example, the cartographer showed the important merchandises at that time by literally writing their names down.

Bencoolen

Bibliography: Colonial Contexts of Ydea Topographica
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Bibliography: Complete and Elegant Imperialism
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Bibliography: Dutch Geopolitics in 17th-Century New Amsterdam
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Bibliography: Henriot's Map
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