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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Britain Colonial Mapping of Western Palestine in the Ottoman period  </text>
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                  <text>The Palestine Exploration Fund (PEF) of Great Britain conducted an extensive survey of Western Palestine from 1872-1877, during the  Ottoman period. While the fund was headed by religious figures and academics, there was also involvement from the British government. Essentially, the religious and academic associations of the fund may have served as a front to allow the British government to collect intelligence on the region.  For example, the British Foreign Office had documented involvement in the production and funding of the survey project, which increased with the Russo-Turkian War (1877-78). This survey was the most detailed and technologically advanced to date and was ultimately employed by the British in their invasion of Palestine in WWI. &#13;
 In addition to its attention to topographic detail, this mapping project is notable for its area of focus. Unlike other maps produced by Western colonial powers at the time, such as France and Germany, this map focuses exclusively on an area west of the Jordan river. Uncannily, its borders resemble those of the future British Mandate (1920-1948). The survey is also careful to include the significant holy sites of the New Testament. &#13;
 After the maps production, the British Foreign Office required that the PEF delay the publication of the maps for a year to control the dispersal of sensitive intelligence information.&#13;
Thus, these maps should be evaluated both as products of academic and religious scholarship and as tools in the British colonial enterprise. </text>
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                  <text>Detailed geographical survey of Western Palestine with additional layers depicting religious holy sites, Arabic places </text>
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              <text> Conder, C.R. (Claude Reignier) &#13;
Kitchener, H.R. (Horatio Herbert)</text>
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              <text>Ordinance Survey Office &#13;
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          <description>individual map, atlas sheet, book figure, part of bound collection, born-digital</description>
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              <text>Survey Map </text>
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              <text>Scale 3/8 inch to one mile of 1:168,960. </text>
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          <name>Call Number</name>
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              <text>6930.058&#13;
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          <name>URL or Unique Identifier</name>
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              <text>http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~241026~5512449:Composite--Western-Palestine-Natura?sort=pub_list_no_initialsort%2Cpub_list_no_initialsort%2Cpub_date%2Cpub_date&amp;qvq=q:talmud;sort:pub_list_no_initialsort%2Cpub_list_no_initialsort%2Cpub_date%2Cpub_date;lc:RUMSEY~8~1&amp;mi=57&amp;trs=58</text>
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              <text>1872-1877 (and/or New Testament Era sites) </text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text> Western Palestine Illustrating the New Testament, also the Talmud and Josephus.&#13;
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                <text> Palestine Exploration Fund&#13;
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                <text>Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund </text>
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                <text>1880</text>
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                <text>English</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Composite Map </text>
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                <text>At first glance, this map appears 'modern' in all but the names of places, depicting a geographical features that are identical to those of the other pieces in the Palestine collection. However, this map layer presents New Testament Era place names superimposed over the 1870 map. The cartographer has pulled geographic information from the Talmud and Josephus, in addition to the New Testament to illustrate the layout of the "Land of Judea" after the birth of Jesus. &#13;
It is part of a collection of British Survey maps, authored by the Palestine Exploration Fund in 1880. This survey collection was the dominant source of information for the British military invasion of Palestine in WWI and continued to have importance for scientific and ethnographic research thereafter.  &#13;
This map layer highlights how the survey was in fact designed by the PEF to encompass historic christian religious sites. As a contrast, one might compare this map layer with the Old Testament map layer which does not succeed to cover certain areas depicted in the Old Testament because of the survey’s limits. This aids in the conclusion that the PEF survey was intended for archeological, academic and religious use. </text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text> The region of Ottoman-era Palestine west of the Jordan River</text>
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                <text>"Islands"</text>
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                <text>This layer outlines the coasts of all the land not included in the major landmasses outline, so all of what would be considered “islands,” when the definition of “islands” doesn’t include what were the “continents.” I’m having a tough time determining an appropriate title for this layer, but I think the quotes are somewhat helpful in conveying the uncertainty I have about this label. </text>
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                  <text>Charting the Ephemeral: The Evolution of Climate Knowledge</text>
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                  <text>A collection of maps and charts illustrating techniques and methods for manually depicting weather data. The project explores the ways in which early meteorologists sought to understand their environments, how the technological advancements such as the invention of the barometer, telegraph, and RADAR impacted knowledge of world climate. </text>
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                  <text>Jose Rivera</text>
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          <description>individual map, atlas sheet, book figure, part of bound collection, born-digital</description>
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              <text>David Rumsey Historical Map Collection </text>
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              <text>http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/workspace/handleMediaPlayer?lunaMediaId=RUMSEY~8~1~280218~90053406</text>
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                <text>(United States) Weather Map. January 1, 1901</text>
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                <text>This weather map is published by the US Department of Agriculture. Observations were taken from 8am to 8pm where barometers reduced to Sea Level and 32degrees Fahrenheit. The heavy dotted lines inclose ares of marked changes in temperature during the past 24 hours. Shaded areas show regions of precipitation during the pat 12 hours. Arrows point in the direction the wind is blowing. The use of symbols is interesting here, as they indicate weather being clear, partly cloudy, cloudy, with rain, snow, etc. The amount of text that accompanies the map reflects the weather conditions and general forecast. It is interesting that these maps had to be published daily based on a network of national sites communicating climate data back and forth.</text>
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                <text>David Rumsey Historical Map Collection </text>
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                <text>U.S. Department of Agriculture</text>
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                <text>United States</text>
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                  <text>Map Tracings</text>
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                <text>01. Organizing Components</text>
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                <text>Map of Greater Cleveland</text>
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                <text>Layer 01 identifies key organizing components of the map, including a grid reference and state outline. While the main argument of this map is transit mobility, it was important to capture the train as a central structure as well.</text>
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General Content: State Boundary&#13;
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