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                <text>Lvbeca vrbs imperialis libera civitatvm wandalicarvm et inclytæ hanseaticæ societatis capvt. Hamburga florentissimum inferioris Saxoniæ emporium Anglorum frequẽtatione hoc tẽpore celeberrimum A. Dñi M.D.L.XX.II.</text>
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                  <text>This collection of maps reveal implications of early 20th century policies in U.S. cities. Specifically, underscoring the impact of redlining, interstate highway development, and urban renewal projects as mechanisms by which not only barred many from complete neighborhoods but also played a role in larger scale disinvestment for minority residents across the U.S.</text>
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                <text>This map by the Chicago Plan Commission depicts various housing developments in Chicago built between 1935 and 1946. It includes public and private development with over 50 dwelling units. The map notes housing type and square footage area calculations. In 1909, a 328-men commission was authorized by Chicago's City Council and appointed by the Mayor. The commission was established to promote a particular city vision called the Burnham Plan.  It can also be noted that the Commission was successful in fostering support for the Plan's initiatives. Between 1912 and 1931, 86 Plan-related bond issues covering some 17 different projects were approved. Many of the publicly funded housing projects were developed during the height of the Plan's implementation. The Commission was later reorganized and subsumed into city government in 1939.</text>
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                <text>The map itself has Europe, Asia, and Africa connected and labeled. The map also has North America, South America, Artic Land, and Green Land connected and labeled. This layer traces just the outlines of the coasts of these two major connected landmasses. </text>
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              <text>American Antiquarian Society Historical Periodicals</text>
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                <text>Map Embodying the Information Received by the Committee on Meteorology of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania in Relation to the Storm of March, 16th, 17th, &amp; 18th, 1838, Illustrating the Report of the Meteorologist.</text>
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                <text>This is the first U.S. weather map. In his accompanying report, Espy states that the committee received back 50 responses from the 250 circulars it sent out to different parts of the United States and Canada regarding this notable storm. The map represents the assembled data, with reporting stations numbered from 1 to 50, roughly in order from south to north and from west to east as the storm was tracked. The three large circles show the eastern progress of the storm over the three days. Readings of barometric pressure, arrows for wind direction and relative strength, and descriptive words for precipitation/sky (rain/sleet/hail/snow, clear/fair/cloudy/heavy) are provided in the cells of small tables (three or four rows by two or three columns) printed next to each station number. Morning and evening results, if given, appear in adjacent cells of a row, and each row represents a different day (March 16, 17, 18, and sometimes 19). Like a time-delay photograph, the map nicely traces the regional movement of the storm, but graphic methods (shading, color, use of symbols) have not been developed yet to replace Espy’s data tables. </text>
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                <text>From Espy’s “Report of the Committee on Meteorology” in Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania and Mechanics’ Register. </text>
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                <text>Philadelphia [Pa.]: : Published by the Franklin Institute, at their hall; F. Taylor, Washington City; G. &amp; C. Carvill &amp; Co., New York; and Joseph H. Francis, Boston., -1841.</text>
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                <text>Devoted to Mechanical and Physical Science, Civil Engineering, the Arts and Manufactures and the Recording of American and Other Patented Inventions, n.s., 22 (1838): 161–175</text>
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                <text>Northeastern United States; Pennsylvania</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Elkhorn Ranch</text>
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            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Westward Expansion; Ranching in the Dakota Territories in the 1880s; Theodore Roosevelt; Little Missouri River</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>My curated map collection helps analyze how a particular space, the basin of the Little Missouri River in present day North Dakota, took on special personal meaning to Theodore Roosevelt in the 1880s. My project investigates how the land and people in the Little Missouri created a unique cultural and historical phenomenon that endured not just in Roosevelt’s conscience but also in the national imagination. My project will answer such questions as: what were the cultural and economic forces that led to a ranching boom in the Little Missouri Basin in the 1880s? How did the space change Roosevelt? How did he and others change the space? What cultural, ideological, and personal meaning did Roosevelt attach to the space, and how, and why? How did what happened there reflect or influence understandings of national identity in the latter half of the 19th century? I include these maps as texts and tools to provide context and analysis in answering these and other questions.</text>
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              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                  <text>Josiah Corbus</text>
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              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                  <text>November 2016</text>
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      <name>Historical Map</name>
      <description>Fill out as many of these fields as possible. Required Dublin core fields include Title, Description, Publisher</description>
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          <name>Type</name>
          <description>individual map, atlas sheet, book figure, part of bound collection, born-digital</description>
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              <text>Individual Map</text>
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          <name>Format notes</name>
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              <text>5.625 x 17 ins.</text>
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          <name>Collection</name>
          <description>Name of collection of which the map is a part</description>
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              <text>Theodore Roosevelt Digital Library. Dickinson State University. </text>
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          <name>Call Number</name>
          <description/>
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              <text>Accession Number: 474 / 6490f</text>
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        <element elementId="196">
          <name>URL or Unique Identifier</name>
          <description/>
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              <text>http://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/Research/Digital-Library/Record.aspx?libID=o275261</text>
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          <name>Date Published</name>
          <description/>
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              <text>Unknown</text>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Map illustrating the location of Theodore Roosevelt’s ranches</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Theodore Roosevelt's Ranches</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Theodore Roosevelt Digital Library. Dickinson State University.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Theodore Roosevelt National Park - National Park Service</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>Unknown</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>English</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Map</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>Accession Number: 474 / 6490f</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Theodore Roosevelt National Park</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This undated map, courtesy of Theodore Roosevelt National Park, shows ranches along the Little Missouri River during the 1880s. The map contains the following description on the bottom: "Map of part of the Little Missouri River Valley, in Billings County, North Dakota, showing the location of Theodore Roosevelt's Ranches." Roosevelt's two ranches, Chimney Butte to the South of Medora and Elkhorn to the North, are labeled in red text, while ranches not belonging to Roosevelt are labeled in black. The map surrenders some of its value as a result of its unknown date and authorship, but given that the source is provided by the National Park, it maintains its legitimacy as a source. The map combines hand-drawn natural features with a focus on the streams that feed into the Little Missouri, with a superimposed grid that traces surveying designations. Each grid square represents a square mile; groups of 36 squares, or parcels 6 miles by 6 miles, form the township subdivisions that the U.S. Department of the Interior used to survey the land. This information is missing from the map--in fact, there is a rather dismaying lack of a legend--but the  system of township surveying matches sources from the same time period, and therefore the assumption of scale seems safe (please see Rand McNally's 1873 map of Dakota or the U.S. Department of the Interior's 1882 map for corroboration). &#13;
&#13;
By using this grid to judge scale, we can get a sense of how much open, uninhabited space there was in the area during Roosevelt's time there. Only four ranches other than Roosevelt's are depicted on the map, spread over a North to South distance of 36 miles. This relatively sparse distribution of ranches along the Little Missouri reflects Roosevelt's description of habitation in the area during his time there. Throughout his writings from the period, he revels in the abundance of open space. In Hunting Trips of a Ranchman, his 1885 book on his time in Dakota, he describes the distribution of ranches: "The land is still in great part unsurveyed, and is hardly anywhere fenced in, the cattle roaming over it at will. The small ranches are often quite close to one another, say within a couple of miles; but the home ranch of a big outfit will not have another building within ten or twenty miles of it, or, indeed, if the country is dry, not within fifty” (Roosevelt, 5). &#13;
&#13;
The map is striking in how vertical it is; it shows the specific watershed of the Little Missouri and little else. But it does not show the entire Little Missouri Basin. The very selective area depicted, along with the red text used for Roosevelt's ranches, suggests that the map was made expressly to indicate Roosevelt's own holdings. This suggests that the map was produced as a retrospective document meant to tell the story of Roosevelt's time there, rather than as an actual artifact from the 1880s. </text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Scope: local geography. Selective portion of a small river basin. </text>
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        <name>Chimney Butte Ranch</name>
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        <name>color</name>
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        <name>Dakota Territory</name>
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        <name>hand illustrated natural features</name>
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        <name>Medora</name>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Map Tracings</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Map layer 1 - Bodies of Water</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Containing water elements such as rivers, lakes and coastlines, this layer is important because it represents en element of transporting of goods, travel, and resources. As a Dutch copy, this map could have provided information on access points for settlement.</text>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Map layer 2 - Trees &amp; Forests</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>	Containing patches of trees to represent forests, this layer is interesting because it shows potential areas to be navigated around, used as possible protection, or used to acquire building resources. As depicted in the multi-perspectival illustrations, fortifications and colonial construction used timber.</text>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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                <text>Map layer 3 - Animals</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Containing small illustrations of creatures, this layer is interesting because it reflects another type of commodity for use as a trade resource: fur. Here we see bears, foxes, beavers, etc. To me, it can also depict a level of artistic play that the cartographer seemed to represent and embody.</text>
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