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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Map Tracings</text>
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      <name>Map layer</name>
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                <text>Map layer 4 - Fortifications and Colonies</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Containing areas of settlement, this layer is fascinating because when isolated, it more clearly suggests purposes behind the accumulated locations. These reasons may include aesthetic preferences or for strategic (military or for trade) uses.  </text>
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        <name>colonial power</name>
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        <name>colonies</name>
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        <name>fortifications</name>
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        <name>settlements</name>
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        <name>urban environment</name>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>National Narratives in Pictorial Maps, 1929-1939</text>
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                  <text>This collection explores American pictorial maps from the 1930s. Their modes of representation and their content may differ, but they all represent an attempt at shaping and responding to contemporary national identity. Depicted beside and beneath the map's ostensible themes (food, natural resources, American history), is more subliminal messaging about race and American identity. The aesthetics of the maps vary, but they all depict the United States in approximately the same scale and style.&amp;nbsp;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;In my project, I hope to explore the arguments these maps were making. Further questions include: why was there an uptick in pictorial map making in this time? More broadly, how does the form of these pictorial maps relate to their function? What does the publishing power behind these maps -- one map was privately published, two were published by large food companies -- mean? How do these maps fit in to the larger historiographical discussion on the creation and consumption of culture during the 1930s? What is the connection to the Great Depression?&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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                <text>Map of America's Making, A Chart of Places and Events</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Paul M. Paine</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>David Rumsey Historical Map Collection</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1930</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;This pictorial map depicts the history of the United States, with history seeming to be defined as colonial activity -- or even more broadly, white history (although it does record the historical locations of several Native American tribes). It records historical events such as battles and colonial discoveries; historical locations such as white American settlements and the place where the sod breaking plod was invented. The illustrations are largely confined to state borders, with the exception of rivers and migration trails or army marches. The bottom of the map contains insets with expanded illustration and context for a number of regions and events, such as "The Frontier" and "The Declaration of Independence". The map also extends beyond the borders of the United States and points out the colonial events on several colonial islands, in Mexico, and Canada, as well as routes that colonial explorers followed.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Follow the words wrapping around the border and you'll see a quote from the Gettysburg Address.&amp;nbsp;&lt;iframe id="widgetPreview" style="border: 0px solid white;" src="http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/workspace/handleMediaPlayer?lunaMediaId=RUMSEY~8~1~281366~90053951&amp;amp;embedded=true&amp;amp;cic=RUMSEY%7E8%7E1&amp;amp;widgetFormat=javascript&amp;amp;widgetType=workspace&amp;amp;controls=1&amp;amp;nsip=1" frameborder="0" width="800" height="600"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Nation (United States)</text>
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        <name>Bodies of Water</name>
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        <name>Christopher Columbus</name>
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        <name>colonial power</name>
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        <name>Colonization</name>
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        <name>color</name>
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      <tag tagId="63">
        <name>compass rose</name>
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      <tag tagId="487">
        <name>covered wagons</name>
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        <name>Declaration of Independence</name>
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        <name>discovery</name>
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        <name>Europe</name>
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        <name>Gettysburg Address</name>
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        <name>historic sites</name>
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        <name>history</name>
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        <name>invention</name>
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        <name>manifest destiny</name>
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        <name>migration</name>
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        <name>monuments</name>
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        <name>mountain ranges</name>
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        <name>native americans</name>
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        <name>pictorial map</name>
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        <name>pioneers</name>
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        <name>progress</name>
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        <name>Railroads</name>
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        <name>seals</name>
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        <name>ships</name>
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      <tag tagId="258">
        <name>travel</name>
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        <name>United States</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Bike Maps</text>
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                  <text>I'm looking at how bike maps have evolved over time. I'm starting with the "good roads movement" and the bike boom of the 1890s. This collection, for now, has several historical maps from that era. </text>
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              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                  <text>Melissa B.</text>
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              <text>Historical map</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Map of California Roads for Cyclers</text>
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                <text>Map of California Roads for Cyclers. This Map Engraved by the California Photo-Eng. Co. Wasp B'ld'g., 513 Market St., S.F. Designed &amp; Drawn by Geo. W. Blum. Edward Denny &amp; Co. 207 Montgomery St. Sole Agents. Published and Copyrighted by Geo. W. Blum, San Francisco, Cal. (with) Inset map of the Los Angeles area.&#13;
ull color map surrounded by advertisements. Bike paths shown in red and labeled with abbreviations. The first abbreviation of the two tells the road condition. Conditions are: G (good), F (fair), P (poor), and V.P. (very poor). The second abbreviation is for the grade of the road. Grades include: L (level), R (rolling), H (hilly), and M (mountainous).&#13;
Published In: The Cyclers' Guide and Road Book of California Containing Map of California in relief with principal Roads, Seven Sectional Maps showing all available Roads for Cyclers from Chico to San Diego, and a Map of Golden Gate Park. 1896. Price, One Dollar. Compiled and Published by Geo. W. Blum, 330 Pine St., S.F. Edward Denny &amp; Co., Agents. (on verso) Copyrighted 1895 By Geo. W. Blum, San Francisco, Cal.&#13;
http://www.davidrumsey.com/maps6082.html</text>
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                <text>1896</text>
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                <text>Blum, George W.</text>
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                <text>State</text>
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        <name>bike map</name>
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                <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                    <text>Map of Greater Cleveland</text>
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                    <text>Storage Facility Locations for Neal Fireproof Storage Co.</text>
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                <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                    <text>Forman-Bassett Co.</text>
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                    <text>Nesbitt Service Company</text>
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                    <text>1925</text>
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              <text>http://id.lib.harvard.edu/aleph/014805816/catalog</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Map of Cleveland</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Map of Greater Cleveland's Neal Fireproof Storage Facilities, in 1925.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Nesbitt Service Co.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Forman-Bassett Co.</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Map of Elbe River at Hamburg</text>
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                <text>1738</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Tourism, Proximity and British Perceptions of France and Germany Before the First World War</text>
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                  <text>This collection explores British perceptions of France and Germany before the First World War, and how they were influenced by proximity, both in terms of simple distance and in terms of how easy it was to travel there. There are four elements (one of which isn't a historical map). &lt;br /&gt;The first is a graphical representation of the quickest routes from London to different places in Europe, as advised by Thomas Cook and Son travel agents in 1913, and how long it would take to travel to each destination. These graphs give us a sense of how far places in Europe actually were from London in 1913 (admittedly a limited sense given I haven’t found useful information on the prices of these journeys, or how many times a day they ran). They also show which places routes ran through, thus showing which places travelllers would be familiar with simply by having to frequently pass through.&lt;br /&gt;The second map is a cartoon map of Europe made in 1900. It supposedly shows the different countries responding to Britain’s war in South Africa. It is interesting for how France—at the time far from an ally—is shown as far less threatening than Germany, which in turn is less threatening than Russia. It is interesting to apply information from the previous element to this one (if we assume that travel patterns in Europe had not radically changed between 1900 and 1913). The relative proximity of France, and number of routes through Paris, perhaps meant that more people had been there, and did not find it excessively foreign or sinister, while the distantness of Russia (Moscow is 102 hours from London) arguably result in it being depicted as a terrifying, autocratic octopus (a depiction surely grounded in common British stereotypes and attitudes). &lt;br /&gt;The third element seeks to answer a question posed by the comparison of the first and second. The first element shows that Germany was not very distant, and that many routes passed through it, especially through Cologne. Yet the second shows that Germany seemed to be more foreign and threatening than France. The third element is a map of Europe made in 1880. It labels western Germany—the Rhineland that accounts for so many nodes in the first element—“Germany,” and the rest of the German Empire “Prussia.” While it was probably the result of parsimonious atlas makers reusing pre-unification plates, the existence of such a map (and of other examples, which are hyperlinked), suggests that the British maintained a mental distinction between the Germany they encountered and the threatening, militaristic Prussia they did not. Either that map echoes a distinction that was already salient, or it and others helped to create or maintain such a distinction. It is no accident that Germany is represented in element two by the Kaiser eagerly stockpiling battleships, echoing a pre-unification cartoon map of &lt;a href="http://maps.bpl.org/id/16826"&gt;Prussia&lt;/a&gt;, in which that state is embodied by the Kaiser and an armed and dangerous Bismark.&lt;br /&gt;The last element is a fragment of a map of Paris from an English language guidebook published in 1878. It gives us a loose sense of what sort of places would have grounded British perceptions of the French capital. Specifically, government buildings feature prominently, suggesting that visiting Paris in some way entailed visiting the French state, and perhaps coming to understand it as similar to the British state. One might wonder whether visitors to Berlin would have had the same response to the German state, had many people visited Berlin.</text>
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          <description>individual map, atlas sheet, book figure, part of bound collection, born-digital</description>
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              <text>atlas sheet</text>
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              <text>hand coloured, 28 x 35cm</text>
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          <name>Collection</name>
          <description>Name of collection of which the map is a part</description>
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              <text>David Rumsey Historical Map Collection</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~30529~1140056:Europe-?"&gt;http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~30529~1140056:Europe-?&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>"Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1879 by S. Augustus Mitchell in the Office of the Librarian of Congress in Washington," officially published in an atlas in 1880</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Map of Europe, Showing its Gt. Political Divisions</text>
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                <text>This atlas map of Europe is included as it is an excellent example of a persistent problem that cartographers of Europe faced after German unification: how to label the quasi-federal German Empire. Interestingly, the label for Prussia -- the dominant German state -- is bigger than that of Germany. While the label for Germany runs vertically through the Rhineland -- a major British tourist destination -- the Prussian label runs horizontally. One might wonder whether British tourists to Germany connected the country they visited with the rising German state, or whether they sustained a similar dichotomy between Germany and Prussia. &lt;br /&gt;A possible explanation for why this map labels Germany so is that it uses plates made before German unification -- a version of the map made in &lt;a href="http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~30423~1140462:Europe-?sort=Pub_Date%2CPub_List_No_InitialSort&amp;amp;qvq=q:List_No%3D%272483.046%27%22%2B;sort:Pub_Date%2CPub_List_No_InitialSort;lc:RUMSEY~8~1&amp;amp;mi=0&amp;amp;trs=1"&gt;1870&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;has the same label, with the horizontal "Prussia" indicating Prussian territory and the vertical "Germany" indicating the smaller German states. &lt;br /&gt;Pre-unification maps did distinguish between (militaristic)&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://maps.bpl.org/id/16826"&gt;Prussia&lt;/a&gt; and the rest of &lt;a href="http://maps.bpl.org/id/16827"&gt;Germany&lt;/a&gt;, and through inertia that distinction persisted long into unification, for example in &lt;a href="http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~237967~5511315:Chart-of-the-World-Shows-the-Forms-?sort=Pub_List_No_InitialSort%2CPub_Date%2CPub_List_No%2CSeries_No&amp;amp;qvq=w4s:/when%2F1906;q:%3DEurope%2BAND%2Bpublisher_location%3DLondon%2B;sort:Pub_List_No_InitialSort%2CPub_Date%2CPub_List_No%2CSeries_No;lc:RUMSEY~8~1&amp;amp;mi=0&amp;amp;trs=3"&gt;these&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~31364~1150311?qvq=w4s%3A%2Fwho%2FLetts%25252C%2BSon%2B%252526%2BCo.%3Bq%3Aletts%2C%2Bson%2Band%2Bco%3Bsort%3Apub_list_no_initialsort%2Cpub_list_no_initialsort%2Cpub_date%2Cpub_date%3Blc%3ARUMSEY~8~1&amp;amp;mi=8&amp;amp;trs=158"&gt;maps&lt;/a&gt;. It is of itself interesting that the term "Germany" was used, and given the same stylistic treatment as the name of a country, before the creation of a single German state, suggesting that British and American people thought of the German states -- excluding Prussia -- as a country, even before unification.</text>
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                <text>Samuel Augustus Mitchell and W. Williams</text>
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                <text>S.A. Mitchell, Philadelphia </text>
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        <name>names</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Map of Harvard </text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This collection is a series of Chinese Qing Empire (1644-1911)’s maps on its north-western borderline from the 18th century to 19th century. These maps show how the Qing Empire manipulated power on the newly conquered territory and how the Empire gradually failed its competition on territory with the Russian Empire (1721–1917). The time span of this collection covers the period of transformation in late imperial China: Western ideas and techniques were introduced, and the Chinese court and literati gradually tried to assimilate them into traditional framework of knowledge. The case of maps and cartography was no exception. In my final project, I plan to explore how the court and literati used and perceived maps. </text>
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          <name>URL or Unique Identifier</name>
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              <text>https://lccn.loc.gov/gm71005082&#13;
http://digitalatlas.asdc.sinica.edu.tw/map_detail.jsp?id=A103000028</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>This map, named The Map of the Borderlines of China and Russia, is a selected translation from one 1884 Russian map. Hong Jun (1839-1893), who had been the Qing Empire’s emissary, bought the original map in Russia and translated place names into Chinese.  His purpose of translation was to make use of Russian’s accurate survey on the borders, roads, and landscapes. The maps of the Russian Empire and the Qing Empire calculate the longitude in a different way. (For Russia, the zero degrees longitude line passes Moscow; for China, it passes Beijing.) Therefore, Hong Jun offers the method to make conversions in the map’s notes.</text>
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                <text>Hong Jun </text>
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                <text>The vast areas adjacent to the borderline of China and Russia </text>
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        <name>Hydronym</name>
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        <name>lakes</name>
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      <tag tagId="5">
        <name>mountains</name>
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        <name>Place Names</name>
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                  <text>Surveys Around the World</text>
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                  <text>A collection of several surveys conducted across the world in the 19th and 20th century.</text>
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                  <text>Christina Shivers</text>
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              <text>George Hayward, D.T. Valentine</text>
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          <name>Call Number</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="1080">
              <text>G3804.N4:2M3 1852 .M3</text>
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          <name>URL or Unique Identifier</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="1081">
              <text>http://ids.lib.harvard.edu/ids/view/6938092?buttons=y</text>
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              <text>hollis.harvard.edu</text>
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          <name>Date Published</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="1083">
              <text>1852</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Map of the city of New York, showing the original high water line and the location of the different farms and estates.</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="668">
                <text>This map is a survey of the city of New York showing the location of farms, estates, street names and the high water lines.  This survey is interesting as it shows the survey lines of the Manhattan grid dashed beneath the boundary lines of original estates and farms as well as the high water line that demarcated the boundaries of the landscape.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1852</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>New York City</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Common Council</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
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                <text>Historical Map</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>City Map</text>
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    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="382">
        <name>estate lines</name>
      </tag>
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        <name>line type</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="381">
        <name>property lines</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="378">
        <name>streets</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
