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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>National Narratives in Pictorial Maps, 1929-1939</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This collection explores American pictorial maps from the 1930s. Their modes of representation and their content may differ, but they all represent an attempt at shaping and responding to contemporary national identity. Depicted beside and beneath the map's ostensible themes (food, natural resources, American history), is more subliminal messaging about race and American identity. The aesthetics of the maps vary, but they all depict the United States in approximately the same scale and style.&amp;nbsp;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;In my project, I hope to explore the arguments these maps were making. Further questions include: why was there an uptick in pictorial map making in this time? More broadly, how does the form of these pictorial maps relate to their function? What does the publishing power behind these maps -- one map was privately published, two were published by large food companies -- mean? How do these maps fit in to the larger historiographical discussion on the creation and consumption of culture during the 1930s? What is the connection to the Great Depression?&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Map of the Gifts of Nature to America</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Kellogg Company</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>David Rumsey Historical Map Collection</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="530">
                <text>Kellogg Company</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1934</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This 1934 pictorial map was created by the Kellogg Company. The titular "Gifts of Nature" refers to agricultural plenty, but the map also depicts historical sites, industry, and Native American tribes. Also shown are railroad lines, migration routes, and recreation. Insets on both sides of the map, as well as near the Great Lakes, connect these "gifts" to the development of the Kelloggs Company. The narrative begins with Native Americans, then depicts the original home of Kelloggs, then moves on to facts about the company's industrial prowess as well as a picture of the enormous Kellogg plant. The trajectory of this narrative advances an argument for progress and success: white dominance, homegrown business, and industrialization.&#13;
This narrative is supported by imagery throughout the map, as when Native American tribes are represented by tomahawks. Additionally, large labels throughout the map define swathes of land by their agricultural output: "The Heart of the Corn Country," "The Land of Cotton," etc. This indicates that the land itself has a destiny: to support the American people (specifically, through their consumption of Kelloggs!). Interestingly, the only human forms depicted are those of cowboys in the southwest. &#13;
Of the maps in this collection, this is the one that advances the most explicit commercial argument. </text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Nation (United States)</text>
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        <name>agriculture</name>
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        <name>Bodies of Water</name>
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        <name>cattle</name>
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      <tag tagId="25">
        <name>color</name>
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      <tag tagId="471">
        <name>commerce</name>
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      <tag tagId="481">
        <name>corn</name>
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        <name>corn flakes!</name>
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        <name>cotton</name>
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        <name>food</name>
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        <name>food production</name>
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        <name>industrialization</name>
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        <name>industry</name>
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        <name>Kelloggs</name>
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        <name>migration</name>
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      <tag tagId="5">
        <name>mountains</name>
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        <name>native americans</name>
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        <name>pictorial map</name>
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        <name>progress</name>
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      <tag tagId="438">
        <name>Railroads</name>
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        <name>religion</name>
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      <tag tagId="474">
        <name>tomahawks</name>
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        <name>United States</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Chinese Qing Empire's Mapping of the Northwestern Border</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This collection is a series of Chinese Qing Empire (1644-1911)’s maps on its north-western borderline from the 18th century to 19th century. These maps show how the Qing Empire manipulated power on the newly conquered territory and how the Empire gradually failed its competition on territory with the Russian Empire (1721–1917). The time span of this collection covers the period of transformation in late imperial China: Western ideas and techniques were introduced, and the Chinese court and literati gradually tried to assimilate them into traditional framework of knowledge. The case of maps and cartography was no exception. In my final project, I plan to explore how the court and literati used and perceived maps. </text>
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      <name>Historical Map</name>
      <description>Fill out as many of these fields as possible. Required Dublin core fields include Title, Description, Publisher</description>
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          <name>URL or Unique Identifier</name>
          <description/>
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              <text>https://lccn.loc.gov/gm71005141&#13;
http://digitalatlas.asdc.sinica.edu.tw/map_detail.jsp?id=A103000082</text>
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          <name>Cartographer</name>
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              <text>Unknown</text>
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          <name>Engraver</name>
          <description/>
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              <text>Unknown</text>
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          <name>Lithographer</name>
          <description/>
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              <text>Unknown</text>
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          <name>Date Published</name>
          <description/>
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              <text>1864</text>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Map of the New Domination</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Unknown</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Chongwen Bookstore of the Hubei Province</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1864</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>Chinese</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This map is an engraved map of the Chinese Qing Dynasty’s New Domination Province. Published around the 1860s, this map still follows the techniques of traditional Chinese Cartography. The grids on the maps help cartographer represent the landscapes on the map following a specific scale.  Latitude and Longitude are not shown on this map. The cartographer depicts borders, mountains, deserts, lakes, waterways, towns, forts, and place names. This map shows the relative locations of landscapes rather than absolute locations. Although some map symbols are applied, the monochrome printing makes all the symbols hard to discern.&#13;
At the left side of the map, the cartographer uses words to record the distance between major towns, postal relay stations, and strategic points. The long name list starts from the postal relay station near the capital of the adjacent Gansu province and ends at Hotan (Hetian).</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Province</text>
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        <name>forts</name>
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        <name>Hydronym</name>
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        <name>lakes</name>
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        <name>mountains</name>
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        <name>Place Names</name>
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        <name>towns</name>
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        <name>water bodies</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Charting the Ephemeral: The Evolution of Climate Knowledge</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1123">
                  <text>A collection of maps and charts illustrating techniques and methods for manually depicting weather data. The project explores the ways in which early meteorologists sought to understand their environments, how the technological advancements such as the invention of the barometer, telegraph, and RADAR impacted knowledge of world climate. </text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1124">
                  <text>Jose Rivera</text>
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              <name>Coverage</name>
              <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                  <text>US/World</text>
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      <description>Fill out as many of these fields as possible. Required Dublin core fields include Title, Description, Publisher</description>
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          <name>Engraver</name>
          <description/>
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              <text>John Chappelsmith</text>
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          <name>Type</name>
          <description>individual map, atlas sheet, book figure, part of bound collection, born-digital</description>
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              <text>Atlas sheet as part of ccompanying his article “Account of a Tornado near New Harmony, Ind., April 30, 1852, with a Map of the Track, &amp;c.” in Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge (Washington, D.C.) 7 (1855)</text>
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          <name>Format notes</name>
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          <name>Collection</name>
          <description>Name of collection of which the map is a part</description>
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              <text>Historic Maps Collection</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="196">
          <name>URL or Unique Identifier</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1140">
              <text>http://libweb5.princeton.edu/visual_materials/maps/websites/thematic-maps/quantitative/meteorology/chappelsmith-map.jpg</text>
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          <name>Date Published</name>
          <description/>
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              <text>1955</text>
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          <name>Date Depicted</name>
          <description/>
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              <text>1952</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Map of the Track of the Tornado of April 30th 1852</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This map shows what is referred to as the first scientific study of a tornado’s path and the first conclusive proof that tornadoes are an inward, upward, and onward moving column of air. In his article, Chappelsmith notes that people living five miles north of the storm continued to plough their fields during the whole time. The tornado’s track was one mile wide and sped from New Harmony to Leavenworth in 1.5 hours, averaging sixty miles per hour and toppling trees at the rate of seven thousand per minute. Primarily based on his detailed examination of these prostrated trees left in the storm’s wake, he concludes that the “phenomena are incompatible with the rotary hypothesis. . . . I am inclined to believe in Professor Espy’s idea of an ascensional column . . .” [pp. 10–11].</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>John Chappelsmith</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Accompanying his article “Account of a Tornado near New Harmony, Ind., April 30, 1852, with a Map of the Track, &amp;c.”  </text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge (Washington, D.C.)</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1852</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>Engraving, </text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>English</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>From Golconda Illinois, to Wabash River across Indiana &amp; the Ohio River to Georgetown Kentucky, U.S</text>
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        <name>arrows</name>
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        <name>colorless</name>
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      <tag tagId="588">
        <name>diagrams</name>
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      <tag tagId="591">
        <name>Illinois</name>
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        <name>Ohio River</name>
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        <name>sketches</name>
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        <name>tornado</name>
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        <name>trees</name>
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        <name>weather map</name>
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        <name>wind pressure</name>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Wallace's Line</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This collection displays snapshots of the career of Alfred Russel Wallace. Best known for his simultaneous discovery of evolution with Charles Darwin, Wallace is also notable for pioneering the discipline of biogeography. The maps in this collection show the arc of his career in exploration and theory related to the distributions of animal species. Wallace was trained as a railway surveyor before beginning his career in natural history, and mapping was a crucial part of his scientific thinking. The prelude to his essay describing the mechanism of natural selection was one describing how similar species arise coincident in space and time. His work on evolution was central to his career, but so too was his work delineating how different groups of species occupied different parts of the world. This collection features maps produced for Wallace's publications which visualize his process of creating geographical divisions based on animal life.</text>
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          <name>Type</name>
          <description>individual map, atlas sheet, book figure, part of bound collection, born-digital</description>
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              <text>Paper figure</text>
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              <text>J. Arrowsmith</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Map to Illustrate a Paper on the Physical Geography of the Malay Archipelago by Alfred Russel Wallace, Esq.</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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                <text>On the physical geography of the Malay Archipelago</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Royal Geographic Society</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1863</text>
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                <text>This map was published in 1863 in a paper by Wallace on the physical geography of the Malay Archipelago. It is the first map marking Wallace's line, here labelled as dividing the "Indo-Malay Region" from the "Austro-Malay Region". This line proposed by Wallace is the first ever deliberately-charted geographical division based on faunal differences between regions. His reasoning behind drawing a division between the groups of animals living in Asia and Australia at this location is described in an earlier paper "On the Zoological Geography of the Malay Archipelago" (1860). There, he discusses how groups of animals common in the northwest Malay islands are not found east of that line, while groups of animals common in Australia are not found west of it. His conclusion is firmly based in the observations he made while studying the species of the region. He wrote that "it is most striking to a naturalist" how groups of birds and mammals common in Java, Sumatra, and Borneo are present in Bali but completely absent in "Lombock," though the habitats of the islands are nearly identical and the waterway between them only 15 miles wide. His writing to support his placement of the line is full of specific descriptions of the ranges of different species; his studies of hundreds of species over the course of his travels enabled him to map out which groups of animals formed distinct faunas and locate the borders between those faunas. Since Wallace's line was first plotted on this map, it has been studied extensively up to today because where the faunas of Australia and Asia meet can inform scientists about the geologic history of the region and the evolutionary history of those animals.</text>
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                <text>Alfred Russel Wallace</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
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                <text>The island region between Thailand and the Philippines in the north and northern Australia and New Caledonia in the south</text>
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        <name>Austo-Malayan region</name>
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        <name>Indo-Malayan region</name>
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        <name>island names</name>
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        <name>island outlines</name>
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        <name>lines dividing shallow and deep sea</name>
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        <name>mountains</name>
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        <name>Place Names</name>
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        <name>volcanoes</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Map Tracings</text>
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              <text>Svit, I.V.</text>
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              <text>Harvard Map Collection, Krawciw Collection.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Mapa Zelenoi Ukrainy = Map of Green Ukraine</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>A black-and-white map of a region of eastern Siberia with a large Ukrainian population. The map contains ethnographic information, topography, and transportation routes. Partially pictured: Manchuria, Japan.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Svit I.V.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Ukraïnsʹka vydavnycha spilka (Ukrainian publishing association), Harbin.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1930</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>Ukrainian</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Map Tracings</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Markers of Human Influence</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Here are markers, both literal (cities) and decorative (ships) of human influence on the landscape of New England. The markers note both colonist and Native American influence on the land.</text>
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        <name>British Influence</name>
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        <name>Cities</name>
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        <name>settlements</name>
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                <text>Markers of Natural Features</text>
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                <text>This layer has all the markers of land features such as capes, forests, and hills.  This layer includes both literal markers such as "Cape Cod" but also decorative features such as animals on the map.  It is unclear how literal some of the natural features such as the trees should be taken.</text>
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        <name>British Conception of Nature</name>
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        <name>Forestry</name>
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        <name>Natural Features' Markers</name>
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        <name>Topography</name>
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                  <text>Mapping Exclusion</text>
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                  <text>Inequity in urban development</text>
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                  <text>This collection of maps reveal implications of early 20th century policies in U.S. cities. Specifically, underscoring the impact of redlining, interstate highway development, and urban renewal projects as mechanisms by which not only barred many from complete neighborhoods but also played a role in larger scale disinvestment for minority residents across the U.S.</text>
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                <text>Maryland Interstate Plan, 1955</text>
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                <text>Interstate development</text>
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                <text>From the Smith Report of 1945, the map shows early plans for the location of Interstate 70 in Maryland, encircling Baltimore. It was the first study to propose an express route. The map was later included in the General Location of National System of Interstate Highways document, also known as the Yellow Book of 1955. This map and route was never realized due to heavy local discord, particularly the east-west connection. Interstate 70 is also known as the Eisenhower Memorial Highway, for much of it's stretch, designated in 1973 by a Congressional Act and dedicated as the Korean War Veterans Memorial Highway for its entire its expanse in 2002 by the Maryland General Assembly. It is part of the National Highway System.</text>
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                  <text>Bike Maps</text>
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                  <text>I'm looking at how bike maps have evolved over time. I'm starting with the "good roads movement" and the bike boom of the 1890s. This collection, for now, has several historical maps from that era. </text>
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                  <text>Melissa B.</text>
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                <text>Massachusetts 1898</text>
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                <text>Monuments</text>
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                <text>Important monuments such as Notre Dame and the Louvre are identified by large engraved depictions, which contrast with the two-dimensional design of the map. While these pictures seem to be scaled to fit roughly in the area on the map the building they depict occupies, they still dominate the surrounding area. It is interesting to look at which buildings make the cut: functioning medieval relics such as Notre Dame and the Hôpital St. Louis, former royal palaces such as the Louvres and Tuileries, administrative buildings such as the town hall, senate and legislature, monuments to the revolution (place de la Bastille) and famous cemeteries at Montmartre and Pere Lachaise. On my layer I categorised these places accordingly. It is difficult to identify a particularly political project in this selection, though the equivalence of representation seems to tie these disparate sites together, both serving as a guide for tourists and as an expression of a unified national tradition.</text>
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    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="114">
        <name>administrative buildings</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="111">
        <name>artistic embellishment</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="115">
        <name>national identity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="113">
        <name>religious buildings</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="117">
        <name>tourism</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="116">
        <name>urban growth over time</name>
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    </tagContainer>
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