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                <text>Novi Belgii Novaeque Angliae nec non partis Virginiae tabula : multis in locis emenda</text>
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                <text>Includes decorative cartouche and inset view: Nieuw Amsterdam op t eylant Manhattans.&#13;
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                <text>1 map : hand col. ; 47 x 55 cm. - Relief shown pictorially. "Cum privil. ordin. general. Belgii Foederati." Fourth state, according to Burden. Appears in author's Atlas minor sive geographia compendiosa. Includes decorative cartouche and inset view: Nieuw Amsterdam op t eylant Manhattans.</text>
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                <text>Includes decorative cartouche and inset view: Nieuw Amsterdam op t eylant Manhattans.</text>
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                <text>1 map : hand col. ; 47 x 55 cm. - Relief shown pictorially. "Cum privil. ordin. general. Belgii Foederati." Fourth state, according to Burden. Appears in author's Atlas minor sive geographia compendiosa. Includes decorative cartouche and inset view: Nieuw Amsterdam op t eylant Manhattans.</text>
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                <text>[ca 1684?] </text>
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                <text>hand col. ; 47 x 55 cm. </text>
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                <text>Obstacles and Routes</text>
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                <text>This layer contains mountains, rivers, and other bodies of water. These geographic features determine the means and availability of access to lands, and serve as a natural math of the colonial exploration/exploitation of America. </text>
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                  <text>Elkhorn Ranch</text>
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                  <text>Westward Expansion; Ranching in the Dakota Territories in the 1880s; Theodore Roosevelt; Little Missouri River</text>
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                  <text>My curated map collection helps analyze how a particular space, the basin of the Little Missouri River in present day North Dakota, took on special personal meaning to Theodore Roosevelt in the 1880s. My project investigates how the land and people in the Little Missouri created a unique cultural and historical phenomenon that endured not just in Roosevelt’s conscience but also in the national imagination. My project will answer such questions as: what were the cultural and economic forces that led to a ranching boom in the Little Missouri Basin in the 1880s? How did the space change Roosevelt? How did he and others change the space? What cultural, ideological, and personal meaning did Roosevelt attach to the space, and how, and why? How did what happened there reflect or influence understandings of national identity in the latter half of the 19th century? I include these maps as texts and tools to provide context and analysis in answering these and other questions.</text>
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                  <text>Josiah Corbus</text>
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                  <text>November 2016</text>
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      <name>Historical Map</name>
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          <description>individual map, atlas sheet, book figure, part of bound collection, born-digital</description>
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              <text>Notes&#13;
-  Scale ca. 1:1,100,000.&#13;
-  From Second Annual Report of the Board of Railroad Commissioners of the Territory of Dakota (Grand Forks, Dakota 1886) (HE2709.D2)&#13;
-  LC Railroad maps, 275&#13;
-  70 x 57 cm.</text>
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              <text>Library of Congress</text>
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              <text>Library of Congress Geography and Map Division Washington, D.C. 20540-4650 USA dcu</text>
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              <text>G4171.P3 1886 .R3</text>
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          <name>URL or Unique Identifier</name>
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              <text>Library of Congress Online Catalog: https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=STNO&amp;searchArg=98688534&amp;searchType=1&amp;recCount=10&#13;
&#13;
LCCN Permalink: https://lccn.loc.gov/98688534</text>
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              <text>1886</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Official railroad map of Dakota issued by the railroad commissioners, November 1st, 1886.</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Dakota Territories in 1886; Railroads&#13;
&#13;
Subjects (from Library of Congress):&#13;
-  Railroads--North Dakota--Maps&#13;
-  Railroads--South Dakota--Maps&#13;
-  United States--North Dakota&#13;
-  United States--South Dakota</text>
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                <text>Summary (from Library of Congress): Shows relief by hachures, drainage, cities and towns, township and county boundaries, Indians, and the railroads with lines named.&#13;
&#13;
My description: This 1886 Rand McNally map, created by the railroad commission, depicts the Northern Pacific railroad crossing the Dakota territory, along with counties, surveyed and parceled townships, towns, Indian reservations, and rivers. The map-makers preference human-made features, like railroads, and political divisions, like townships and counties, above natural features, of which there are very few designations aside from rivers. On the right side of the map, much more ink covers the page in the form of a township grid that covers the entire Eastern half of the territory. In the Western part of the territory, township grids cover only parts of the territory, principally along the Northern Pacific line and in the Black Hills. This lack of surveying demonstrates that in 1886, the "frontier," or the edge of American civilization, lay somewhere in the middle of the Dakota territory and that railroads were the mechanism by which civilization spread westward, at the expense, of course, of native peoples, whose reservations are indicated by shaded outlines. &#13;
&#13;
The area that Theodore Roosevelt settled in from 1883 to 1886 was at the edge of this frontier and, as it was located along the Northern Pacific line, was an area that was in the process of being settled and surveyed in the 1880s. By comparing this Rand McNally map from 1886 with a U.S. Department of the Interior map from 1882, which is also in my collection, we can see how Medora and the surrounding Little Missouri River basin was surveyed and split into townships in the intervening years. Roosevelt himself commented on how quickly the land went from wild to surveyed. In his 1913 autobiography, he looks back wistfully at what he views as a romantic, virgin period in the American West: “It was still the Wild West in those days, the Far West, the West of Owen Wister's stories and Frederic Remington's drawings, the West of the Indian and the buffalo-hunter, the soldier and the cow-puncher. That land of the West has gone now, ‘gone, gone with lost Atlantis,’ gone to the isle of ghosts and of strange dead memories. It was a land of vast silent spaces, of lonely rivers, and of plains where the wild game stared at the passing horseman. It was a land of scattered ranches, of herds of long-horned cattle, and of reckless riders who unmoved looked in the eyes of life or of death" (Roosevelt, An Autobiography).&#13;
&#13;
Roosevelt did not view this loss of Atlantis in all negative terms, however. In a subsequent passage, he cast the spread of American civilization in a positive, romanticized light: “It was right and necessary that this life should pass, for the safety of our country lies in its being made the country of the small home-maker. The great unfenced ranches, in the days of "free grass," necessarily represented a temporary stage in our history. The large migratory flocks of sheep, each guarded by the hired shepherds of absentee owners, were the first enemies of the cattlemen; and owing to the way they ate out the grass and destroyed all other vegetation, these roving sheep bands represented little of permanent good to the country. But the homesteaders, the permanent settlers, the men who took up each his own farm on which he lived and brought up his family, these represented from the National standpoint the most desirable of all possible users of, and dwellers on, the soil. Their advent meant the breaking up of the big ranches; and the change was a National gain, although to some of us an individual loss” (Roosevelt, An Autobiography).&#13;
&#13;
Both passages from Chapter 4, "In Cowboy Land," of Roosevelt's 1913 autobiography, http://www.bartleby.com/55/4.html. </text>
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                <text>Rand McNally and Company</text>
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                <text>From Second Annual Report of the Board of Railroad Commissioners of the Territory of Dakota (Grand Forks, Dakota 1886) (HE2709.D2) (From Library of Congress)</text>
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                <text>Rand McNally and Company, Chicago</text>
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                <text>Digital Id: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g4171p.rr002750&#13;
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                <text>Dakota Territory (regional)</text>
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                  <text>My final project investigates the different ways of mapping disease throughout history and how this can be seen as a product of attitudes towards disease and understanding of the underlying mechanisms at a particular time. While now producing maps of disease is a basic tool in epidemiology and public health, this way of visualizing disease patterns did not develop until around the turn of the 19th century. Prompted in part by serious epidemics of cholera and yellow fever, maps became an important tool in the mission to understand the mode of transmission of disease. In particular, maps were key in the debate over and development of germ theory. Later, maps were also used to disseminate awareness to the general public, and no longer remained the preserve of scientists and public health officials in academic contexts. For this initial map collection I aimed to display three maps that show significantly different ways of thinking about infectious disease. In particular, they show three key stages in the understanding of disease: initial mapping to attempt to discern a mode of transmission, knowledge of a vector and its range, and an attempt to communicate the urgency and danger of disease to the public.</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This map is entitled the “Original map of the Transvaal or South-African Republic” and was published in 1875. It was the first comprehensive and accurate map of the Transvaal and was published just before the outbreak of the First Boer War. The map shows the geography of the area, and highlights (quite literally, through the use of color) the political boundaries between Portuguese dominions, British dominions, the South African Republic and the Orange Free State. The feature of the map that makes it most interesting to my project, however, is the inclusion of a green line that marks the “boundary of the Tsetse fly.” The tsetse fly causes sleeping sickness, one of the diseases that posed such difficulties to the European colonial endeavor. Until you read the label, it looks like the green line marks another territorial boundary between nations; instead it gives the territory of the fly as much visual importance as that of, say, Britain. Insofar as presence of the tsetse fly and therefore increased disease transmission prevented colonial expansion, then perhaps the green line does mark a political boundary: the regions to which European colonizers could not expand. It is also an interesting way of visualizing disease, since no disease is explicitly mentioned on the map, instead it is the habitat of the vector that is noted, with the implication that everyone knew what the tsetse fly was and its effect. Disease is referenced vaguely in other labels on the map, such as “unhealthy flats”, but this is not even given a exact marker or reference to the type of disease in that area.</text>
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                <text>Country/region (1:1,800,000)</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>J. Sulzer</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>46 x 46 cm</text>
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        <name>Colonialism</name>
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        <name>diamonds</name>
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        <name>disease</name>
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        <name>gold</name>
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              <text>Harvard Map Collection, Pusey Library</text>
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                <text>Palestine Map</text>
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                  <text>A comparison of maps of Europe from England and France during the Napoleonic Wars</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This is a map of Europe created in 1804 by Englishman Edward Patteson.  It was created as part of an Atlas that depicted both Ancient and Modern Europe.  So on this map, modern borders between nations are depicted, but Patteson accompanies many land areas with the so-called Roman names for them.  For example, Turkey is accompanied with the Roman subtitle "Asia Minor."  What is of note for my project is that this map includes Belgium as part of France, but not the Netherlands, and French maps at the time depict the boundary of France extending to the Rhine River, which is not the case with this map.</text>
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        <name>Belgium</name>
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        <name>English</name>
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        <name>Europe</name>
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        <name>France</name>
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                  <text>I'm looking at how bike maps have evolved over time. I'm starting with the "good roads movement" and the bike boom of the 1890s. This collection, for now, has several historical maps from that era. </text>
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                <text>Place and Feature Names</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="48">
                <text>The map has a lot of places and features labeled and named with text. I traced all of the ones that were all capital letters. Something interesting to note is the number of places that have two names, separated by “or.” </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="55">
        <name>colonial power</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="53">
        <name>Feature Names</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="54">
        <name>Hydronym</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="57">
        <name>Labeling</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="56">
        <name>Naming Uncertainty</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="52">
        <name>Place Names</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
