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                  <text>I'm looking at how bike maps have evolved over time. I'm starting with the "good roads movement" and the bike boom of the 1890s. This collection, for now, has several historical maps from that era. </text>
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                <text>Ventura, Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Orange, and San Diego Counties</text>
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                <text>This is one of the 7 smaller sections of the "Cyclers' Guide and Road Book of California" book published in 1895/1896. Bike paths shown in red and labeled with abbreviations. The first abbreviation of the two tells the road condition. Conditions are: G (good), F (fair), P (poor), and V.P. (very poor). The second abbreviation is for the grade of the road. Grades include: L (level), R (rolling), H (hilly), and M (mountainous).</text>
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                <text>This is one more of the sectional maps from the California guide for cyclists. </text>
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                  <text>My final project investigates the different ways of mapping disease throughout history and how this can be seen as a product of attitudes towards disease and understanding of the underlying mechanisms at a particular time. While now producing maps of disease is a basic tool in epidemiology and public health, this way of visualizing disease patterns did not develop until around the turn of the 19th century. Prompted in part by serious epidemics of cholera and yellow fever, maps became an important tool in the mission to understand the mode of transmission of disease. In particular, maps were key in the debate over and development of germ theory. Later, maps were also used to disseminate awareness to the general public, and no longer remained the preserve of scientists and public health officials in academic contexts. For this initial map collection I aimed to display three maps that show significantly different ways of thinking about infectious disease. In particular, they show three key stages in the understanding of disease: initial mapping to attempt to discern a mode of transmission, knowledge of a vector and its range, and an attempt to communicate the urgency and danger of disease to the public.</text>
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                <text>Boris Artzybasheff</text>
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                <text>This map, produced in 1944, shows major “tropical diseases” and where they occur in the world. A stylized image of the vector or symptoms of the disease is drawn over each afflicted region. Along the bottom of the map is a key describing which image refers to which disease, with a short block of text giving more background about each disease below the corresponding image. Interestingly, malaria is the only disease not identified by an image, and instead malarial zones are just colored pink. The map overall creates an almost gruesome image in which the world is covered in insects, pests, and deformed humans. It is a very unconventional way of depicting disease since the area that each image marks and the ranges of diseases are very vague. It would not be very useful for an epidemiologist, but is a striking way of conveying to the viewer the number of diseases that afflict the world and to what extent we possess the ability to treat them. The decision to depict malaria so differently raises an interesting question about perception of that disease in particular.</text>
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                <text>Lvbeca vrbs imperialis libera civitatvm wandalicarvm et inclytæ hanseaticæ societatis capvt. Hamburga florentissimum inferioris Saxoniæ emporium Anglorum frequẽtatione hoc tẽpore celeberrimum A. Dñi M.D.L.XX.II.</text>
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                <text>Braun, Georg</text>
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                <text>Russia in Europe</text>
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                <text>C.H. Jones, T.H. Hamilton, J. David Williams</text>
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                <text>David Rumsey Map Collection</text>
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                <text>J. David Williams</text>
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                <text>1873</text>
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                  <text>Bike Maps</text>
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                  <text>I'm looking at how bike maps have evolved over time. I'm starting with the "good roads movement" and the bike boom of the 1890s. This collection, for now, has several historical maps from that era. </text>
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                  <text>Melissa B.</text>
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                <text>Detroit Guide Map Bicyclists</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>"This “Guide Map of the City of Detroit for Bicyclists, Showing Pavements” was copyrighted during the bicycle boom of the 1890’s...&amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt;The map’s title points out its most striking detail: the color-coded mish-mash of various pavement types, ranging from unpaved to wood to brick to asphalt. Even though the League of American Wheelmen had formed over a decade earlier, this map was published in the heyday of the Good Roads movement, when cities across America were responding to cyclists’ demands for better rights-of-way by paving their thoroughfares. While most of Detroit’s streets were paved with wood (tree trunk slices laid out like flat, disc-like cobbles), its large radial avenues and other high-traffic roads had been upgraded to granite or asphalt by 1896...&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;the 1896 bike map includes other notable features that help explain what was important to the city’s Gilded Age cyclists. Along with the numerous freight railway lines (indeed, today’s Dequindre Cut greenway shows up on the map as a railroad track), Detroit’s equally numerous streetcar lines are denoted for cyclists’ convenience. Likewise, the locations of passenger ferry service across the Detroit River are also indicated... outside runs.."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://thehubofdetroit.org/detroit%E2%80%99s-grand-bicycle-map-tradition/"&gt;http://thehubofdetroit.org/detroit%E2%80%99s-grand-bicycle-map-tradition/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Calvert Litho. And Eng. Co.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="	https://detroithistorical.files.wordpress.com/2014/12/1948-132-043.jpg"&gt;https://detroithistorical.files.wordpress.com/2014/12/1948-132-043.jpg&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>1896</text>
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                <text>City</text>
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        <name>bike map</name>
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                <text>A Complete Map of the Crimea : Showing the Military and Carriage Roads with Distances from Various Points of the Western Coasts : from English and Russian Surveys</text>
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                <text>Charles Desilver</text>
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                  <text>Greg Picard's Final Project</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>A comparison of maps of Europe from England and France during the Napoleonic Wars</text>
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      <name>Historical Map</name>
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          <name>Cartographer</name>
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              <text>Charles Francois Delamarche</text>
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              <text>http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~28257~1120266:L-Europe-?sort=Pub_Date%2CPub_List_No_InitialSort&amp;qvq=q:List_No%3D%270421.004%27%22%2B;sort:Pub_Date%2CPub_List_No_InitialSort;lc:RUMSEY~8~1&amp;mi=0&amp;trs=1</text>
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          <name>Date Published</name>
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              <text>1800</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Delamarche's Map of Europe</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="754">
                <text>Here is a map created in Paris in 1800 by cartographer Charles Francois Delemarche.  It was created for an educational atlas for children, and this map appears to be a political map of Europe.  Focussing on France, Delamarche shows the boundary of France extending all the way west to the Rhine River,a boundary that the first English map examined in this collection does not show.  Delamarche also does not label any region on the map as Belgium, however he does include a small dotted line crossing the North of France, separating what would be France and Belgium.  However, these two modern countries are united by the solid colored border lines surrounding every country.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="755">
                <text>Charles Francois Delamarche</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="756">
                <text>L'Europe</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1800</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>French</text>
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