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                <text>Bibliography: Reynolds's Political Map: Slavery and Freedom in the 1850s</text>
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                <text>“An Act to Authorize the People of the Missouri Territory to Form a Constitution and State Government, and for the Admission of Such State into the Union on an Equal Footing with the Original States, and to Prohibit Slavery in Certain Territories.” A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875, March 6, 1820. https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&amp;fileName=003/llsl003.db&amp;recNum=586.&#13;
&#13;
“An Act to Organize the Territories of Nebraska and Kansas.” United States Statutes at Large : Treaties of the United States of America Vol 10 Page 277 Boston : Little Brown, 1855, 1854. Yale Law School, Lillian Goldman Law Library: The Avalon Project, Documents in Law, History, and Diplomacy. http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/kanneb.asp.&#13;
&#13;
“An Act to Organize the Territories of Nebraska and Kansas.” A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875, May 30, 1854. https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&amp;fileName=010/llsl010.db&amp;recNum=298.&#13;
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Bufford, John Henry, and Winslow Homer. Argument of the Chivalry. 1 print : lithograph on wove paper, 36.9 x 51.8 cm, 1856. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print. Library of Congress. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2008661576/.&#13;
&#13;
“Daguerreotype Photograph of Charles Sumner.” Wikipedia, n.d. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_Sumner_1855_BPL-crop.jpg.&#13;
&#13;
Disturnell, J. “Mapa de los Estados Unidos de Méjico : segun lo organizado y definido por las varias actas del congreso de dicha républica y construido por las mejores autoridades.” The Library of Congress: Hispanic Reading Room, March 3, 2015. https://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/ghtreaty/ghmaps.jpg.&#13;
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Foner, Eric. Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party before the Civil War: With a New Introductory Essay. Oxford University Press, 1970. https://books.google.com/books?id=HUqJPUyS83AC&amp;printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false.&#13;
&#13;
Greeley, Horace. Proceedings of the First Three Republican National Conventions of 1856, 1860 and 1864. Minneapolis, Minnesota: C.W. Johnson, 1893. https://archive.org/details/proceedingsoffir00repu.&#13;
Howard, John R. Henry Ward Beecher: A Study of His Personality, Career, and Influence in Public Affairs. Fords, Howard &amp; Hulbert, 1891. https://books.google.com/books?vid=HARVARD:HX2X4A&amp;printsec=titlepage.&#13;
&#13;
John Brown, Engraving from a Daguerreotype. Engraving from a daguerreotype, 1856. Photo Number: 531116. National Archives and Records Administration. https://media1.britannica.com/eb-media/92/127692-004-75B0B1DE.jpg.&#13;
&#13;
Magee, John L. Forcing Slavery down the Throat of a Freesoiler. 1 print : lithograph on wove paper, 24.8 x 37 cm., 1856. American political prints, 1766-1876 / Bernard F. Reilly. Boston : G.K. Hall, 1991, entry 1856-8. Library of Congress. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2008661578/.&#13;
&#13;
———. Liberty, the Fair Maid of Kansas--in the Hands of the “Border Ruffians.” 1 print : lithograph on wove paper, 21 x 38 cm., 1856. Library of Congress Rare Book and Special Collections Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Library of Congress. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2008661579/.&#13;
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———. The Great Presidential Race of 1856. 24 x 40 cm., 1856. Library of Congress Rare Book and Special Collections Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Library of Congress. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2008661583/.&#13;
N. Currier (Firm). Grand National Republican Banner: Free Labor, Free Speech, Free Territory. 1 print : lithograph, hand-colored., 1856. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Library of Congress. http://loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3b50499/.&#13;
“naghshe_koli_2015_chap_email1-dcba5.jpg (JPEG Image, 798 × 558 Pixels) - Scaled (95%).” Accessed October 23, 2016. http://uic.org/com/local/cache-vignettes/L798xH558/naghshe_koli_2015_chap_email1-dcba5.jpg?1449598086.&#13;
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“REPUBLICAN NATIONAL CONVENTION.” National Era (1847-1860), June 26, 1856, Vol X, no. 495 edition. Proquest. http://search.proquest.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/docview/137655927?accountid=11311.&#13;
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“Republican Party Platform of 1856.” The American Presidency Project, June 18, 1856. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=29619.&#13;
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Sumner, Charles. The Crime against Kansas. Speech of Hon. Charles Sumner, of Massachusetts. In the Senate of the United States, May 19, 1856. New York: Greeley &amp; McElrath, 1856. https://archive.org/details/crimeagainstkans00sumn.&#13;
“The Caning of Charles Sumner.” United States Senate, n.d. http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/The_Caning_of_Senator_Charles_Sumner.htm.&#13;
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The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. “Bleeding Kansas.” Encyclopædia Britannica, 2016. https://www.britannica.com/event/Bleeding-Kansas-United-States-history.&#13;
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———. “Pottawatomie Massacre.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2016. https://www.britannica.com/event/Pottawatomie-Massacre.&#13;
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“The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.” The Library of Congress: Hispanic Reading Room, March 3, 2015. https://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/ghtreaty/.&#13;
“Transcript of Missouri Compromise (1820).” Our Documents, March 6, 1820. https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=22&amp;page=transcript.&#13;
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“Wilmot Proviso.” Britannica Academic. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., n.d. http://academic.eb.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/levels/collegiate/article/77114.&#13;
Wolff, Gerald W. “Party and Section: The Senate and the Kansas-Nebraska Bill.” Civil War History 18, no. 4 (1972): 293–311. http://muse.jhu.edu/article/419119.</text>
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                <text>Bibliography: Dutch Geopolitics in 17th-Century New Amsterdam</text>
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                <text>Kahn, quoted in “The Mind of Louis Kahn,” Architectural Forum 137 (July-August):77&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kahn, “The Continual Renewal of Architecture Comes for Changing Concepts of Space,” Perspecta, no. 4 (1957): 65&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tony Campbell, "New Light on the Jansson-Visscher Maps of New England," Map Collectors’ Series, 24 (1965)&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Helen Wilkinson Reynolds, Dutch Houses in the Hudson Valley Before 1776, Payson and Clarke Ltd. for the Holland Society of New York, 1929. Reprinted by Dover Publications Inc. 1965.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Scheltema, Gajus and Westerhuijs, Heleen (eds.),Exploring Historic Dutch New York. Museum of the City of New York/Dover Publications, New York 2011&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;James Deetz, In Small Things Forgotten: The Archaeology of Early American Life (Garden City, N.Y., 1977) &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Oliver P. Chitwood, A history of Colonial America, 3rd ed. New York: Harper, 1961 pp 17-18&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wilbur R. Jacobs, “the great Despoliation: Environmental Themes in American Frontier History,” Pacific Historical Review 46 (Feburary 1978):79&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Roderick Nash, Wilderness and the American Mind (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1967), pp. 2-3, 7, 8-22, 24-39.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;John D. Cushing, ed., The Laws of the Pilgrims: A Facsimile Edition of The Book of General Laws of the Inhabitants of Jurisdiction of New Plymouth, 1672 and 1685 (Wilmington, Delaware, 1977) p. xiii.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;J.H. Trumbull and C.J. Hoadley, eds., Public Records of the Colony of Connecticut (1636-1776), 15 vols. (Hartford, 1850-1890), 1;67, 558&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Quodbach. Esmée. Holland’s golden age in America : collecting the art of Rembrandt, Vermeer, and Hals. [New York, N.Y.] : The Frick Collection ; University Park, Pennsylvania : The Pennsylvania State University Press, [2014]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jacobs, Jaap. The Colony of&amp;nbsp; New Netherlands. Ithaca, New York: Cornel University Press, 2009.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rink, Oliver Holland on the Hudson: An Economic and Social History of Dutch New York, Ithaca, NY: Cornell, 1986&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Eric Jay Dolin, Fur, Fortune and Empire: The Epic History of the Fur Trade in America (2010) p. xvi&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Innis, Harold Adams. The Fur Trade in Canada: An Introduction to Canadian Economic History, (Toronto ; Buffalo : University of Toronto Press, 1956).&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</text>
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                  <text>This collection of maps reveal implications of early 20th century policies in U.S. cities. Specifically, underscoring the impact of redlining, interstate highway development, and urban renewal projects as mechanisms by which not only barred many from complete neighborhoods but also played a role in larger scale disinvestment for minority residents across the U.S.</text>
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                <text>Home loan Residential Security Maps were developed in the early 1930s by a New Deal (federally-sponsored) corporation established for the purpose of home refinance. The Home Owners' Loan Corporation created by the Roosevelt administration was initiated to prevent home foreclosure in the United States. Though the actual agency was not liable for "redlining" it did provide regulatory structure for racial bias in the private mortgage industry. A common definition of redlining states that it is the practice of denying or limiting financial services in certain neighborhoods based on racial or ethnic composition without regard to applicants’ creditworthiness. It refers to the red line (red frame) used to mark communities where financial institutions were not likely to invest. HOLC was a part of the Federal Housing Administration’s portfolio.</text>
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                  <text>This collection of maps reveal implications of early 20th century policies in U.S. cities. Specifically, underscoring the impact of redlining, interstate highway development, and urban renewal projects as mechanisms by which not only barred many from complete neighborhoods but also played a role in larger scale disinvestment for minority residents across the U.S.</text>
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                <text>From the Smith Report of 1945, the map shows early plans for the location of Interstate 70 in Maryland, encircling Baltimore. It was the first study to propose an express route. The map was later included in the General Location of National System of Interstate Highways document, also known as the Yellow Book of 1955. This map and route was never realized due to heavy local discord, particularly the east-west connection. Interstate 70 is also known as the Eisenhower Memorial Highway, for much of it's stretch, designated in 1973 by a Congressional Act and dedicated as the Korean War Veterans Memorial Highway for its entire its expanse in 2002 by the Maryland General Assembly. It is part of the National Highway System.</text>
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                <text>Chicago Relief Map</text>
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