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                <text>Nouveau plan complet de Paris avec ses fortifications: divisé en 12 arrondissements &amp; 48 sections avec les principaux monuments en elévation, donnant la distance légale en mètres des forts détachés aux murs d'enceinte &amp; aux murs d'octroi indiquant la population &amp; les fêtes patronales des environs de Paris</text>
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                <text>A. Bes et F. Dubreuil</text>
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                <text>Novi Belgii Novaeque Angliae nec non partis Virginiae tabula : multis in locis emenda</text>
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                <text>1 map : hand col. ; 47 x 55 cm. - Relief shown pictorially. "Cum privil. ordin. general. Belgii Foederati." Fourth state, according to Burden. Appears in author's Atlas minor sive geographia compendiosa. Includes decorative cartouche and inset view: Nieuw Amsterdam op t eylant Manhattans.</text>
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                <text>Visscher, Nicolaum </text>
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                <text>[ca 1684?] </text>
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                <text>Exploratory Routes</text>
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                <text>These routes mark the journeys of the various missions of Spanish explorers in North America, from which this map is derived.  The layer includes just the routes themselves, not their descriptive labels, as to emphasize how explorers and surveyors got around the territory and interacted with the landscape, as opposed to the specific goals of the expeditions.</text>
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                <text>Vespucci also adds some more figurative items to the map that give a different sort of information to the viewer. Most notable are the two man-made structures shown (completely out of scale), the 'Castelo de Lamina' in West Africa and the small fort near Iafa. There are also depictions of mountains that seem less precise than the rivers and more of a guide that it is a mountainous area. This layer also includes the objects that wouldn't actually be visible when in that spot on the Earth, such as the hand pointing at the Artic Circle. The items in this layer are still important in drawing the viewer's eye and giving extra detail on what is important, but are not strictly geographical and physical features. </text>
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                <text>Imperial Claims</text>
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                <text>This layer includes the flags drawn on the map representing different imperial claims to the space and the text explicitly labeling regions as Spanish, English, and Anglo-American possessions.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Larger bodies of water--Lakes, Bays, and Oceans</text>
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                <text>This layer includes the lakes, bays, and oceans noted on the map.  This is separate from the river layer because they require different navigational strategies to explore them and foster different lifestyles for the peoples living near them.  They are also represented differently on the map, leading to my examination of them as separate layers.</text>
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                <text>Text is an immediately striking part of the map. It forms the border of the map, and crowds in the globe, particularly filling the northern hemisphere. The text performs a variety of roles, from describing what the map shows and its maker (in the title), to naming geographic features (e.g. Nile, Italy), to describing properties of an area (e.g. 'A rich land'), but it is all written in the same style and appears as one set of information. </text>
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      <name>Map layer</name>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Rivers</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="91">
                <text>This layer traces all of the rivers included on the map.  I have tried to recreate the variations in line thickness used on the map to indicate relative size of the rivers.  Not included in the layer are the names given to the rivers or the explicit direction of the current, though it most cases that is made clear by the line weight and the fact that you can see the beginning of the river.</text>
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        <name>current direction</name>
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      <tag tagId="187">
        <name>navigable</name>
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      <tag tagId="188">
        <name>retraceable</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="7">
        <name>rivers</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="189">
        <name>watershed</name>
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      <name>Map layer</name>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Land and water boundaries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="89">
                <text>In his map, Vespucci does not distinguish between countries or within land masses by lines. Instead, the lines on the map show the enge of land and how it borders with water, primarily oceans and seas. I have also included rivers in this layer because they are often shown as blending into the sea and cut into the land. The coastlines and riverbanks are the key feature of the map instead of more detail (cities etc) within the land. This is an important layer when the physical geographic information of the map is shown. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="242">
        <name>absence of political boundaries</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="47">
        <name>coastlines</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="241">
        <name>continental borders</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="240">
        <name>delta</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="250">
        <name>IC</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="48">
        <name>Islands</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="184">
        <name>oceans</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="7">
        <name>rivers</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="239">
        <name>seas</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
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    </fileContainer>
    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>Map layer</name>
      <description/>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="86">
                <text>Projection and latitude and longitude lines </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="87">
                <text>This layer shows the lines that the mapmaker used to design the projection. This is an important backbone to the map as it shows how Vespucci planned the unusual polar projection and the lines would have provided him with guidelines for where different features are. The latitude and longitude lines also allow the viewer to orient themselves in regards to which part of the globe they are seeing. These lines are very obvious and visually striking, especially in the large spaces around the globe. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="231">
        <name>circles</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="235">
        <name>equator</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="221">
        <name>frame</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="250">
        <name>IC</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="203">
        <name>Latitude</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="232">
        <name>lines</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="204">
        <name>Longitude</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="233">
        <name>meridians</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="238">
        <name>numbers</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="237">
        <name>polar projection</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="236">
        <name>projection</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="234">
        <name>tropics</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
