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                <text>This layer shows the routes of various voyages that are plotted on this map. All of these routes are labelled, usually with who took them and the date of the trip. Two are common Russian routes, and I have also included the ports labelled on the Kamtchatka peninsula. This layer, like the Native Presence one, adds a human element to the map, as well as a historical one. From these route lines, one can get a sense of the navigational ability of explorers at this time (from the unexplained meandering and even loop-the-loop routes) as well as of their ships' speeds based on the given dates. The mapmakers' choice to show these routes on the map draws a connection between discrete experiences and geographical knowledge, as voyages like the ones shown are what enabled Europeans to map out lands like those in the North Pacific presented on this map.</text>
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                <text>Situations Charte von denen in den Elbe Strohm zwischen Hamburg und Harburg belegenen Insuln, und von Zeit zu Zeit enstehenden Sanden, auch Sandbancken--</text>
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                <text>1750?</text>
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                <text>Sketch of Nootka Sound</text>
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                  <text>More Known Unknowns: Mapping Environmental Damage from the Chernobyl Disaster</text>
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                <text>Skhema plotnosti zagri︠a︡znenii︠a︡ t︠s︡eziem-137 s zapasom [bolʹshe] 1 ki/km² territorii evropeĭskoĭ chasti Rossii : po sostoi︠a︡nii︠u︡ na 30 dekabri︠a︡ 1991 g.</text>
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                <text>Izrael', Iu.</text>
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                <text>The map shown here, produced by Yurii Izrael', who was also in charge of producing Soviet contamination maps, was produced a year after the larger Soviet maps in this exhibit. However, it shows a subtle but unmistakeable political shift for the immediate post-Soviet period: rather than a map of the Soviet Union, this is a contamination map of Russia. In the post-Soviet period, the Soviet successor states were faced with the task of managing the long-term effects of environmental disasters that were arguably the fault of governments that no longer existed.</text>
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                <text>GUGK USSR</text>
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                <text>South Pole</text>
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