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                  <text>I'm looking at how bike maps have evolved over time. I'm starting with the "good roads movement" and the bike boom of the 1890s. This collection, for now, has several historical maps from that era. </text>
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                <text>The majority of ink on this map serves to detail bodies of water. This is stark because of the Palestine's reputation for drought and water shortages. The bodies of water flow from the Jordan River, the Kineret, and the sea and branch out through the region. They also serve to connect different areas. </text>
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                <text>This map applied both borderlines and color wash to distinguish different regimes. It is remarkable that no color wash was applied on Hamburg. Its territory was only depicted by a red borderline. A possible explanation is that a plain background was more suitable for showing details and adding small areas of colors to emphasize.  (On the other hand, another regime with a red borderline similar to Hamburg was covered with pink color paint. This pink color also helps to distinguish it from Hamburg.) Other than borderlines, the cartographer also portrayed walls and forts in details. The walls and borderlines did not always match. This phenomenon may partially reflect the political history and political interactions of this region.</text>
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                <text>There are minimal border lines on this map which poses a stark contrast to the present day Middle East. &#13;
The maps borders reflect ottoman divisions of the territory immediately before the activation of the British Mandate. The darkest border separates Ottoman Palestine (including modern day Arabia) from Egypt.  There are lighter borders separating different regions of the Ottoman state of Palestine. </text>
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                <text>Bowles and Carver Map used for Complete and Elegant Imperialism </text>
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        <name>World geography gameboard</name>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1208">
                <text>California 1896</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="35" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="61">
        <src>https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1952/original/2c2ac330d473ea6c85304cd8e27b9696.jpg</src>
        <authentication>293f67e3bb60faf04dd075d68afd3032</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="1">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="51">
                  <text>Map Tracings</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1422">
                  <text>[]</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>Map layer</name>
      <description/>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="74">
                <text>Capitalized text </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="75">
                <text>I chose to incorporate only the capitalized text in this layer for two reasons: (1) It seems to me that choice of the font/size of the textual references bears some implications about how important certain features were to the map-makers (the more prominent the text; the more important the text to the meaning of the map). (2) a practical reason: the small-printed (cursive) textual references in the map are manifold and printed in such a high density that I could not possibly trace them all. Almost all the capitalized text on this map seems to refer to toponyms (place or region names, rivers, oceans) or to the names of native American tribes (e.g. Matouwacs, Nahicans, etc.)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="18">
        <name>dutch</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2">
        <name>latin</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="119">
        <name>territorial claims</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="118">
        <name>toponyms</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="31">
        <name>tribe names</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
