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                  <text>Greg Picard's Final Project</text>
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                  <text>A comparison of maps of Europe from England and France during the Napoleonic Wars</text>
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              <text>Eustache Herrison</text>
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              <text>Jean Baptiste Marie Chamouin</text>
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              <text>http://ids.lib.harvard.edu/ids/view/47348853?buttons=y</text>
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              <text>1804</text>
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                <text>Herrison's Map of France, 1804</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Created in the same year as many of the other maps in the exhibition, this map is a map of France, and includes the region of modern day Belgium unified as one country with the rest of France.  This map, unsurprisingly, was created by a French cartographer.  To the North of Belgium there is a unique boundary line symbol that on the key is said to meant "division generale de la France" meaning "general division of France."  However this boundary line isn't present to the east where France borders Germany.  This could be explained by the fact that in this map the Rhine River defines France's border, and this cartographer chose not to overlap symbols for the River and the boundary.  The boundary line seen to the North of Belgium however, reappears in the south surrounding France's conquered territory in Italy.  Perhaps this border symbols signifies some level of insecurity about the border of this newly conquered territory.  But if so, this insecurity is subtle, and the region of Belgium is, to this French cartographer, very much part of France.</text>
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                <text>Eustache Herrison</text>
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                <text>1804</text>
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                <text>French</text>
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        <name>France</name>
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                  <text>Charting the Ephemeral: The Evolution of Climate Knowledge</text>
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                  <text>A collection of maps and charts illustrating techniques and methods for manually depicting weather data. The project explores the ways in which early meteorologists sought to understand their environments, how the technological advancements such as the invention of the barometer, telegraph, and RADAR impacted knowledge of world climate. </text>
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                  <text>Jose Rivera</text>
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          <name>Type</name>
          <description>individual map, atlas sheet, book figure, part of bound collection, born-digital</description>
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              <text>book figure, from Espy’s Second [-Third] Report on Meteorology</text>
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          <description>Name of collection of which the map is a part</description>
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              <text> [Historic Maps Collection]</text>
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          <name>URL or Unique Identifier</name>
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              <text>http://id.lib.harvard.edu/aleph/006328623/catalog</text>
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          <name>Date Published</name>
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              <text>1851</text>
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              <text>1849–1851</text>
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          <name>Lithographer</name>
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              <text>John P. Espy</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>First two weather maps (“April 1st 1843. 3 P.M.” and “April 2nd 1843. 3 P.M.”)</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The principal phases of a storm at once. Provided here are the names and city/state locations of all of the “meteorological correspondents” who provided the data exhibited in Espy's charts. Shown here is the position and extent of a storm at a particular moment by the red figures, indicating the quantity of rain or snow that fell in it; the locality of the minimum barometer indicated by a red line, and its maximum by a black line; the direction and force of the wind, by arrows of different lengths; and by turning to the map of the next day, the change of position of the storm &#13;
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>James P. Espy</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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                <text>Espy’s Second [-Third] Report on Meteorology</text>
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                <text>Robert A. Waters, 1851</text>
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                <text>April 1st 1843 / April 2nd 1843</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>Dimensions not given, scale not given</text>
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                <text>Eastern &amp; Midwestern United States</text>
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        <name>Climate</name>
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                  <text>Charting the Ephemeral: The Evolution of Climate Knowledge</text>
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                  <text>Jose Rivera</text>
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      <name>Historical Map</name>
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          <name>Type</name>
          <description>individual map, atlas sheet, book figure, part of bound collection, born-digital</description>
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              <text>Map part of accompanying report on Meteorology.</text>
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          <name>Format notes</name>
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              <text>Lithograph map, 23 × 27 cm.</text>
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          <description/>
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              <text>http://libweb5.princeton.edu/visual_materials/maps/websites/thematic-maps/quantitative/meteorology/espy-map-1838.jpg</text>
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          <name>Lithographer</name>
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              <text>James P. Espy</text>
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          <name>Repository</name>
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              <text>American Antiquarian Society Historical Periodicals</text>
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          <name>Date Published</name>
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              <text>1838</text>
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              <text>March, 16th, 17th, &amp; 18th, 1838</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Map Embodying the Information Received by the Committee on Meteorology of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania in Relation to the Storm of March, 16th, 17th, &amp; 18th, 1838, Illustrating the Report of the Meteorologist.</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This is the first U.S. weather map. In his accompanying report, Espy states that the committee received back 50 responses from the 250 circulars it sent out to different parts of the United States and Canada regarding this notable storm. The map represents the assembled data, with reporting stations numbered from 1 to 50, roughly in order from south to north and from west to east as the storm was tracked. The three large circles show the eastern progress of the storm over the three days. Readings of barometric pressure, arrows for wind direction and relative strength, and descriptive words for precipitation/sky (rain/sleet/hail/snow, clear/fair/cloudy/heavy) are provided in the cells of small tables (three or four rows by two or three columns) printed next to each station number. Morning and evening results, if given, appear in adjacent cells of a row, and each row represents a different day (March 16, 17, 18, and sometimes 19). Like a time-delay photograph, the map nicely traces the regional movement of the storm, but graphic methods (shading, color, use of symbols) have not been developed yet to replace Espy’s data tables. </text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="878">
                <text>James P. Espy</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="879">
                <text>From Espy’s “Report of the Committee on Meteorology” in Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania and Mechanics’ Register. </text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Philadelphia [Pa.]: : Published by the Franklin Institute, at their hall; F. Taylor, Washington City; G. &amp; C. Carvill &amp; Co., New York; and Joseph H. Francis, Boston., -1841.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1838</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="882">
                <text>Lithograph map, 23 × 27 cm.</text>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>Devoted to Mechanical and Physical Science, Civil Engineering, the Arts and Manufactures and the Recording of American and Other Patented Inventions, n.s., 22 (1838): 161–175</text>
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                <text>Northeastern United States; Pennsylvania</text>
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        <name>chart</name>
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        <name>circles</name>
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&#13;
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                <text>First meteorological map, charting the directions of trade winds and monsoons. Information was collected from navigators familiar with ocean transits, and also from his own tropical experience on St. Helena (1677–1678). On the map, rows of brief lines show the course of the winds; the sharp ends of those lines point to wind sources. Where winds go back and forth, notably in the monsoon-prone area of the Indian Ocean, the lines are thicker than elsewhere and point both ways.</text>
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                <text>French version of Halley's map, accompanying a French translation of his article "An Historical Account of the Trade Winds, and Monsoons, Observable in the Seas between and near the Tropicks, with an Attempt to Assign the Physical Cause of the Said Wind," </text>
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                  <text>Elkhorn Ranch</text>
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                  <text>Westward Expansion; Ranching in the Dakota Territories in the 1880s; Theodore Roosevelt; Little Missouri River</text>
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                  <text>My curated map collection helps analyze how a particular space, the basin of the Little Missouri River in present day North Dakota, took on special personal meaning to Theodore Roosevelt in the 1880s. My project investigates how the land and people in the Little Missouri created a unique cultural and historical phenomenon that endured not just in Roosevelt’s conscience but also in the national imagination. My project will answer such questions as: what were the cultural and economic forces that led to a ranching boom in the Little Missouri Basin in the 1880s? How did the space change Roosevelt? How did he and others change the space? What cultural, ideological, and personal meaning did Roosevelt attach to the space, and how, and why? How did what happened there reflect or influence understandings of national identity in the latter half of the 19th century? I include these maps as texts and tools to provide context and analysis in answering these and other questions.</text>
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                  <text>Josiah Corbus</text>
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      <name>Historical Map</name>
      <description>Fill out as many of these fields as possible. Required Dublin core fields include Title, Description, Publisher</description>
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          <name>Type</name>
          <description>individual map, atlas sheet, book figure, part of bound collection, born-digital</description>
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              <text>Notes&#13;
-  Scale ca. 1:1,100,000.&#13;
-  From Second Annual Report of the Board of Railroad Commissioners of the Territory of Dakota (Grand Forks, Dakota 1886) (HE2709.D2)&#13;
-  LC Railroad maps, 275&#13;
-  70 x 57 cm.</text>
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          <name>Collection</name>
          <description>Name of collection of which the map is a part</description>
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              <text>Library of Congress</text>
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              <text>Library of Congress Geography and Map Division Washington, D.C. 20540-4650 USA dcu</text>
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          <name>Call Number</name>
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              <text>G4171.P3 1886 .R3</text>
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          <name>URL or Unique Identifier</name>
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              <text>Library of Congress Online Catalog: https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=STNO&amp;searchArg=98688534&amp;searchType=1&amp;recCount=10&#13;
&#13;
LCCN Permalink: https://lccn.loc.gov/98688534</text>
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              <text>1886</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Official railroad map of Dakota issued by the railroad commissioners, November 1st, 1886.</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Dakota Territories in 1886; Railroads&#13;
&#13;
Subjects (from Library of Congress):&#13;
-  Railroads--North Dakota--Maps&#13;
-  Railroads--South Dakota--Maps&#13;
-  United States--North Dakota&#13;
-  United States--South Dakota</text>
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                <text>Summary (from Library of Congress): Shows relief by hachures, drainage, cities and towns, township and county boundaries, Indians, and the railroads with lines named.&#13;
&#13;
My description: This 1886 Rand McNally map, created by the railroad commission, depicts the Northern Pacific railroad crossing the Dakota territory, along with counties, surveyed and parceled townships, towns, Indian reservations, and rivers. The map-makers preference human-made features, like railroads, and political divisions, like townships and counties, above natural features, of which there are very few designations aside from rivers. On the right side of the map, much more ink covers the page in the form of a township grid that covers the entire Eastern half of the territory. In the Western part of the territory, township grids cover only parts of the territory, principally along the Northern Pacific line and in the Black Hills. This lack of surveying demonstrates that in 1886, the "frontier," or the edge of American civilization, lay somewhere in the middle of the Dakota territory and that railroads were the mechanism by which civilization spread westward, at the expense, of course, of native peoples, whose reservations are indicated by shaded outlines. &#13;
&#13;
The area that Theodore Roosevelt settled in from 1883 to 1886 was at the edge of this frontier and, as it was located along the Northern Pacific line, was an area that was in the process of being settled and surveyed in the 1880s. By comparing this Rand McNally map from 1886 with a U.S. Department of the Interior map from 1882, which is also in my collection, we can see how Medora and the surrounding Little Missouri River basin was surveyed and split into townships in the intervening years. Roosevelt himself commented on how quickly the land went from wild to surveyed. In his 1913 autobiography, he looks back wistfully at what he views as a romantic, virgin period in the American West: “It was still the Wild West in those days, the Far West, the West of Owen Wister's stories and Frederic Remington's drawings, the West of the Indian and the buffalo-hunter, the soldier and the cow-puncher. That land of the West has gone now, ‘gone, gone with lost Atlantis,’ gone to the isle of ghosts and of strange dead memories. It was a land of vast silent spaces, of lonely rivers, and of plains where the wild game stared at the passing horseman. It was a land of scattered ranches, of herds of long-horned cattle, and of reckless riders who unmoved looked in the eyes of life or of death" (Roosevelt, An Autobiography).&#13;
&#13;
Roosevelt did not view this loss of Atlantis in all negative terms, however. In a subsequent passage, he cast the spread of American civilization in a positive, romanticized light: “It was right and necessary that this life should pass, for the safety of our country lies in its being made the country of the small home-maker. The great unfenced ranches, in the days of "free grass," necessarily represented a temporary stage in our history. The large migratory flocks of sheep, each guarded by the hired shepherds of absentee owners, were the first enemies of the cattlemen; and owing to the way they ate out the grass and destroyed all other vegetation, these roving sheep bands represented little of permanent good to the country. But the homesteaders, the permanent settlers, the men who took up each his own farm on which he lived and brought up his family, these represented from the National standpoint the most desirable of all possible users of, and dwellers on, the soil. Their advent meant the breaking up of the big ranches; and the change was a National gain, although to some of us an individual loss” (Roosevelt, An Autobiography).&#13;
&#13;
Both passages from Chapter 4, "In Cowboy Land," of Roosevelt's 1913 autobiography, http://www.bartleby.com/55/4.html. </text>
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                <text>Rand McNally and Company</text>
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                <text>From Second Annual Report of the Board of Railroad Commissioners of the Territory of Dakota (Grand Forks, Dakota 1886) (HE2709.D2) (From Library of Congress)</text>
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                <text>Rand McNally and Company, Chicago</text>
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                <text>1886</text>
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                <text>70 x 57 cm.</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
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                <text>English</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
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                <text>Historical map </text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>Digital Id: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g4171p.rr002750&#13;
&#13;
Library of Congress Control Number: 98688534</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
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                <text>Dakota Territory (regional)</text>
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        <name>black and white</name>
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        <name>counties</name>
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        <name>Indian reservation</name>
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        <name>Northern Pacific Railroad</name>
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        <name>railways</name>
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        <name>Rand McNally &amp; Co.</name>
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        <name>township</name>
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        <name>township grids</name>
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                  <text>Elkhorn Ranch</text>
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                  <text>Westward Expansion; Ranching in the Dakota Territories in the 1880s; Theodore Roosevelt; Little Missouri River</text>
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                  <text>My curated map collection helps analyze how a particular space, the basin of the Little Missouri River in present day North Dakota, took on special personal meaning to Theodore Roosevelt in the 1880s. My project investigates how the land and people in the Little Missouri created a unique cultural and historical phenomenon that endured not just in Roosevelt’s conscience but also in the national imagination. My project will answer such questions as: what were the cultural and economic forces that led to a ranching boom in the Little Missouri Basin in the 1880s? How did the space change Roosevelt? How did he and others change the space? What cultural, ideological, and personal meaning did Roosevelt attach to the space, and how, and why? How did what happened there reflect or influence understandings of national identity in the latter half of the 19th century? I include these maps as texts and tools to provide context and analysis in answering these and other questions.</text>
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                  <text>Josiah Corbus</text>
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                  <text>November 2016</text>
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      <name>Historical Map</name>
      <description>Fill out as many of these fields as possible. Required Dublin core fields include Title, Description, Publisher</description>
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        <element elementId="191">
          <name>Type</name>
          <description>individual map, atlas sheet, book figure, part of bound collection, born-digital</description>
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              <text>Theodore Roosevelt National Park - National Park Service and Dickinson State University</text>
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              <text>Accession Number: 474 / 6492b</text>
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          <name>URL or Unique Identifier</name>
          <description/>
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              <text>http://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/Research/Digital-Library/Record.aspx?libID=o275512</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Ranches in North Dakota (Roosevelt) Badlands Area in '80's</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Theodore Roosevelt National Park</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>English</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This map provides a loose sketch of the Little Missouri River Basin, with a focus on the tributary streams that flow into the Little Missouri, and the ranches in the area. Ambiguity about the map's authorship, date of creation, and scale--not to mention its unspecific, almost abstract, depiction of space--calls into question this map's reliability as a source of verifiable information. For instance, the way that each stream or creek is drawn almost identically, with two forks each, makes viewers wonder how accurate this map really is. Indeed, satellite imagery of the same area of the Little Missouri confirms that the map's depiction of streams is not faithful to the actual topography of the land. This inaccuracy does not mean, however, that the source surrenders all of its value. After all, the map's purported purpose is to show ranches, not natural features. In light of this stated goal, the streams may have been represented more for their position relative to ranches and each other than for topographic accuracy. &#13;
&#13;
Even so, the value of the depiction of ranches is reduced by the lack of a date on the map. Though the map purports to show ranches in the '80s, assumed to mean the 1880s, the period in which Roosevelt came to the Little Missouri, there is reason to question how accurately this map represents 1880s ranches. For one, another map in this collection, also courtesy of Theodore Roosevelt National Park, shows far fewer ranches in the same area than this map shows. Furthermore, the inaccuracy of the rivers makes one wonder if the ranches are placed on the page with a similar disregard. &#13;
&#13;
In spite of these shortcomings, the map provides some value in that it shows how ranches in the area were clustered along the Little Missouri. Also, by centering the map on Medora, the map-maker highlights the importance of that town as a transportation hub at the geographic center of the Little Missouri Basin ranching boom in the 1880s. Medora, of course, was the town that connected the region to the Northern Pacific, which transported cattle and people to and from all points East. </text>
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                <text>Scope: local geography. Selective portion of a small river basin. </text>
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        <name>Theodore Roosevelt</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="553">
                  <text>Elkhorn Ranch</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="554">
                  <text>Westward Expansion; Ranching in the Dakota Territories in the 1880s; Theodore Roosevelt; Little Missouri River</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="555">
                  <text>My curated map collection helps analyze how a particular space, the basin of the Little Missouri River in present day North Dakota, took on special personal meaning to Theodore Roosevelt in the 1880s. My project investigates how the land and people in the Little Missouri created a unique cultural and historical phenomenon that endured not just in Roosevelt’s conscience but also in the national imagination. My project will answer such questions as: what were the cultural and economic forces that led to a ranching boom in the Little Missouri Basin in the 1880s? How did the space change Roosevelt? How did he and others change the space? What cultural, ideological, and personal meaning did Roosevelt attach to the space, and how, and why? How did what happened there reflect or influence understandings of national identity in the latter half of the 19th century? I include these maps as texts and tools to provide context and analysis in answering these and other questions.</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="556">
                  <text>Josiah Corbus</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="557">
                  <text>November 2016</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="19">
      <name>Historical Map</name>
      <description>Fill out as many of these fields as possible. Required Dublin core fields include Title, Description, Publisher</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="191">
          <name>Type</name>
          <description>individual map, atlas sheet, book figure, part of bound collection, born-digital</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="797">
              <text>Individual Map</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="192">
          <name>Format notes</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="798">
              <text>5.625 x 17 ins.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="193">
          <name>Collection</name>
          <description>Name of collection of which the map is a part</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="799">
              <text>Theodore Roosevelt Digital Library. Dickinson State University. </text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="195">
          <name>Call Number</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="800">
              <text>Accession Number: 474 / 6490f</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="196">
          <name>URL or Unique Identifier</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="801">
              <text>http://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/Research/Digital-Library/Record.aspx?libID=o275261</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="199">
          <name>Date Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="802">
              <text>Unknown</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="788">
                <text>Map illustrating the location of Theodore Roosevelt’s ranches</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="789">
                <text>Theodore Roosevelt's Ranches</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="791">
                <text>Theodore Roosevelt Digital Library. Dickinson State University.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="792">
                <text>Theodore Roosevelt National Park - National Park Service</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="793">
                <text>Unknown</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="794">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="795">
                <text>Map</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="796">
                <text>Accession Number: 474 / 6490f</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="803">
                <text>Theodore Roosevelt National Park</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="910">
                <text>This undated map, courtesy of Theodore Roosevelt National Park, shows ranches along the Little Missouri River during the 1880s. The map contains the following description on the bottom: "Map of part of the Little Missouri River Valley, in Billings County, North Dakota, showing the location of Theodore Roosevelt's Ranches." Roosevelt's two ranches, Chimney Butte to the South of Medora and Elkhorn to the North, are labeled in red text, while ranches not belonging to Roosevelt are labeled in black. The map surrenders some of its value as a result of its unknown date and authorship, but given that the source is provided by the National Park, it maintains its legitimacy as a source. The map combines hand-drawn natural features with a focus on the streams that feed into the Little Missouri, with a superimposed grid that traces surveying designations. Each grid square represents a square mile; groups of 36 squares, or parcels 6 miles by 6 miles, form the township subdivisions that the U.S. Department of the Interior used to survey the land. This information is missing from the map--in fact, there is a rather dismaying lack of a legend--but the  system of township surveying matches sources from the same time period, and therefore the assumption of scale seems safe (please see Rand McNally's 1873 map of Dakota or the U.S. Department of the Interior's 1882 map for corroboration). &#13;
&#13;
By using this grid to judge scale, we can get a sense of how much open, uninhabited space there was in the area during Roosevelt's time there. Only four ranches other than Roosevelt's are depicted on the map, spread over a North to South distance of 36 miles. This relatively sparse distribution of ranches along the Little Missouri reflects Roosevelt's description of habitation in the area during his time there. Throughout his writings from the period, he revels in the abundance of open space. In Hunting Trips of a Ranchman, his 1885 book on his time in Dakota, he describes the distribution of ranches: "The land is still in great part unsurveyed, and is hardly anywhere fenced in, the cattle roaming over it at will. The small ranches are often quite close to one another, say within a couple of miles; but the home ranch of a big outfit will not have another building within ten or twenty miles of it, or, indeed, if the country is dry, not within fifty” (Roosevelt, 5). &#13;
&#13;
The map is striking in how vertical it is; it shows the specific watershed of the Little Missouri and little else. But it does not show the entire Little Missouri Basin. The very selective area depicted, along with the red text used for Roosevelt's ranches, suggests that the map was made expressly to indicate Roosevelt's own holdings. This suggests that the map was produced as a retrospective document meant to tell the story of Roosevelt's time there, rather than as an actual artifact from the 1880s. </text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="935">
                <text>Scope: local geography. Selective portion of a small river basin. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="497">
        <name>Chimney Butte Ranch</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="25">
        <name>color</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="553">
        <name>Dakota Territory</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="496">
        <name>Elkhorn Ranch</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="501">
        <name>hand illustrated natural features</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="499">
        <name>Little Missouri River</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="494">
        <name>Medora</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="260">
        <name>railways</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="7">
        <name>rivers</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="498">
        <name>Theodore Roosevelt</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="495">
        <name>Theodore Roosevelt National Park</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="502">
        <name>township grids</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="500">
        <name>tributaries</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="189">
        <name>watershed</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="334">
        <name>westward expansion</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="213" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="167">
        <src>https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1952/original/2efb369a90531808c60ed74482aa20ba.jpg</src>
        <authentication>7269a419401b899462ee337df96128a8</authentication>
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        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="743">
                  <text>Greg Picard's Final Project</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="744">
                  <text>A comparison of maps of Europe from England and France during the Napoleonic Wars</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="19">
      <name>Historical Map</name>
      <description>Fill out as many of these fields as possible. Required Dublin core fields include Title, Description, Publisher</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="188">
          <name>Cartographer</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="784">
              <text>John Cary</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="196">
          <name>URL or Unique Identifier</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="785">
              <text>http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~21508~630121:Netherlands,-part-of-Germany-?sort=Pub_Date%2CPub_List_No_InitialSort&amp;qvq=q:List_No%3D%271657.015%27%22%2B;sort:Pub_Date%2CPub_List_No_InitialSort;lc:RUMSEY~8~1&amp;mi=0&amp;trs=1#</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="199">
          <name>Date Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="786">
              <text>1804</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="200">
          <name>Date Depicted</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="787">
              <text>1804</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="778">
                <text>John Cary's 1804 Map of the Netherlands</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="779">
                <text>John Cary was a well known, well respected, and well-trusted cartographer in Britain in the later 18th century and early 19th century.  In this map which he produced in 1804, he produces an extremely detailed map of the Netherlands and Northern France focussing on the Netherlands.  Like the other British maps, Cary acknowledges territory that would become Belgium as separate from France.  However, this map does not take objection to all of France's territorial gains during the Revolutionary/Napoleonic Era.  The title of the map reads "New Map of the Netherlands also of that Part of Germany Westward of the Rhine as Ceded to the French and Divided Into Several Departments."  This map was created two years after an initial peace treaty, the Treaty of Amiens, was signed between France and Britain, but yet Britain did not officially recognize the territory of Belgium as part of France by the terms of the treaty.  It would be beneficial to know how tied to the government the authority patronizing the creation of this map was, so it could be determined if this was an active attempt by the British government to keep French possession of Belgium out of public conscienceness or if this map is a more natural reflection of British public conception of this territory.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="780">
                <text>John Cary</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="781">
                <text>David Rumsey Map Collection</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="782">
                <text>1804</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="783">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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  </item>
</itemContainer>
