1 10 64 https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1952/original/f927d21e184932c429a300e64e19aece.jpg 752724818644458a415a72dd76042ea5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource More Known Unknowns: Mapping Environmental Damage from the Chernobyl Disaster Map layer Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Narodopisna Karta Ukrainy Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Freytag & Berndt Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918 Language A language of the resource Ukrainian Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Stepan Rudnytsky Description An account of the resource This map, produced after the first World War, makes a powerful argument in contemporary debates over Ukrainian statehood. Rudnytsky was a geographer and professor with deep roots in the Ukrainian national movement. He received much of his education in Vienna, where the base map from which he created this map was produced. The fact that the most easily available maps of this territory even decades later were produced by this company (and by Soviet cartographers outside Moscow) highlights a strange feature of Ukraine's existence as a state and as a territory--the fact of it being constantly described from a distance. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1952/original/536088439b155a42aaf19b1df0f129d0.jpg 940a2e3c7f15b94b0ce4b5ebd5016b94 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource More Known Unknowns: Mapping Environmental Damage from the Chernobyl Disaster Map layer Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dose Rate Measurement Sites in Novozybkov Indicated by Location Number Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The International Chernobyl Project: an Overview Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Atomic Energy Agency Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991 Language A language of the resource English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource International Atomic Energy Agency Type The nature or genre of the resource map https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1952/original/5db5d5b78ae23269129e52a161bee916.jpeg de1975554d8a30004a256a84f909667b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Britain Colonial Mapping of Western Palestine in the Ottoman period Description An account of the resource The Palestine Exploration Fund (PEF) of Great Britain conducted an extensive survey of Western Palestine from 1872-1877, during the Ottoman period. While the fund was headed by religious figures and academics, there was also involvement from the British government. Essentially, the religious and academic associations of the fund may have served as a front to allow the British government to collect intelligence on the region. For example, the British Foreign Office had documented involvement in the production and funding of the survey project, which increased with the Russo-Turkian War (1877-78). This survey was the most detailed and technologically advanced to date and was ultimately employed by the British in their invasion of Palestine in WWI. In addition to its attention to topographic detail, this mapping project is notable for its area of focus. Unlike other maps produced by Western colonial powers at the time, such as France and Germany, this map focuses exclusively on an area west of the Jordan river. Uncannily, its borders resemble those of the future British Mandate (1920-1948). The survey is also careful to include the significant holy sites of the New Testament. After the maps production, the British Foreign Office required that the PEF delay the publication of the maps for a year to control the dispersal of sensitive intelligence information. Thus, these maps should be evaluated both as products of academic and religious scholarship and as tools in the British colonial enterprise. Subject The topic of the resource Detailed geographical survey of Western Palestine with additional layers depicting religious holy sites, Arabic places Map layer Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Key to Palestine Map Description An account of the resource Key accompanying Composite Map of Western Palestine by the PEF Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Palestine Exploration Fund map key Palestine religious sites Topography https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1952/original/9ab966ef13da462aeba0c83fdf3c1828.jpg b6d6b4fe26f4635bdb96728bfdc50181 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource More Known Unknowns: Mapping Environmental Damage from the Chernobyl Disaster Map layer Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chernobyl Radiation Map CS-137 Today Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Chernobyl Foundation Description An account of the resource This map portrays soil contamination on the territory of Ukraine with cesium-137, a radioactive isotope, as of April 2011. Cesium-137 has a half-life of approximately 30 years (which means that 30 years after its release, half of it will have degraded and become non-radioactive). While it is not the source of the most enduring threat from the accident (other isotopes have half-lives of up to a quarter of a million years), it is one of the main contaminants affecting humans. While my project focuses on the use of environmental monitoring data to define the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, a 30-km radius around the accident site, the additional information provided by this map is valuable in that it shows the compromise inherent in the construction of the Zone, and the generalizations about risk that it implies. The map makes it clear that the bulk of the contamination lies closest to the accident site, but it is also made clear that other regions are by no means exempt from the threat of contamination. Additionally, by providing no information about contamination outside Ukraine, it defines the environmental burden of the accident's aftermath as a Ukrainian issue. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Chernobyl Foundation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011 2011 Cesium-137 Chernobyl contamination radiation Ukraine https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1952/original/75ae04b0b4cbaa9426f126bc9ee0a257.jpg 92835767002b38adae02a6d7a38f1609 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map Tracings Description An account of the resource [] Map layer Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rivers and Lakes Description An account of the resource The mapmakers place an outsize emphasis on rivers in their map design. Rivers are represented with solid black lines. The inclusion of even minor rivers means that a network of rivers seems to cover the map. In cases where state boundaries and rivers overlap, rivers dominate. Indeed, state boundaries are visually secondary to rivers, whose solid black ink superimposes over the dotted state boundaries. The emphasis on this natural features seems relevant to me because of the fact that a central tenet of this map’s argument is that freedom and slavery are fighting for control of the land. The importance given to rivers signifies for me the importance of natural features in the battle between slavery and freedom. When one steps back, there are very few features that stand out on the map other than those that are natural (especially in the form of rivers) and that which is political (especially in the form of state and territory names). This hierarchy speaks to the conflict at the center of the map’s political purpose. In sum, rivers are given a prominent place in the map design not because of any practical meaning to be drawn from the rivers, but rather to add symbolic meaning to how slavery and freedom fight for the land. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context General Content: Rivers General Content: Lakes General Content: Black lines Analytical Tag: Visual priority given to rivers Analytical Tag: Natural unity of land https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1952/original/bdeacb897c92da576d3fcdfda82b4ee3.jpg 6ef796c63999032edf9567f26cd4a01f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map Tracings Description An account of the resource [] Map layer Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mountains Description An account of the resource At first, the mountains appear to be a relatively unimportant feature of the map, and it is true that they occupy relatively little physical space on the page. The mountains that are represented are done so in a way that connects them in continuous ranges that snake along the surface of the map. The way that they flow and join together is reminiscent of rivers. Indeed, there is a connection between the smoothness of the mountains and the prominence of the rivers in the map’s hierarchy. Both illustrate an intent on the part of the mapmaker to present a smoothness and naturalness of the American landscape. One of the central ideas of the map is that slavery’s expansion is at odds with the natural land. The smooth mountains play a central role in demonstrating this argument. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context General Content: Hand-drawn General Content: Topographical feature General Content: Mountains Analytical Tag: Natural Unity of Country Analytical Tag: Connecting regions of country https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1952/original/8373385d21f999e3b4753051c9f11ae1.jpg a226dceb59222951a05e6520c9b5df35 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map Tracings Description An account of the resource [] Map layer Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource State and Territory Names Description An account of the resource One of the things I noticed in exploring this map is that although state boundary lines are almost indiscernible, state and territory place names hold an outsize importance in the visual hierarchy. The text for state and territory names is in an imposing, block letter font and all capitals and seems unusually large and bold. This boldness creates an imposing quality that leaves obvious fingerprints of an obstreperous intervention into the natural space of rivers and colors. I argue that this mechanical, intrusive quality is an intentional attempt to show how man-made political divisions are at odds with the natural landscape of rivers. To put it broadly, I see a conflict between the natural and man-made features of the map. I see the overbearing text size and the preeminence of rivers as the two primary visual layers at the forefront of this confrontation. It seems to me that the there is a parallel between the incongruent juxtaposition of natural and man-made features in the map itself and a broader conflict that was going on in the 1850s to claim the territories as either slave or free. Indeed, the clunky visual picture created by the place name fonts stands in stark contrast to the cleanness and order of the Missouri Compromise negative space, which smoothly sleuths across the territories. I argue that this visual confrontation mirrors the map-maker’s opposition to the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, especially in contrast to the order and stability that the Missouri Compromise ensured, at least according to Republicans at the time. After all, opposition to the Kansas-Nebraska Act precipitated the formation of the Republican Party, and this map was produced as a piece of pro-Republican election propaganda for the 1856 presidential election. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context General Content: State names General Content: Territory names General Content Tag: Uppercase letters Analytical Tag: Large font size Analytical Tag: Imposing political divisions on the land https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1952/original/a441045fe84258d825be8a0b479d84c4.jpg 0a9f4cc3a7f86c0c6019df2a0b00f247 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map Tracings Description An account of the resource [] Map layer Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Color Washes Description An account of the resource This layer contains a wash of three distinct colors: bright red for free states, dark blue-gray for slave states, and green for territories that were, as the map’s title calls it, “open to slavery or freedom by the repeal of the Missouri Compromise” of 1854. This layer encapsulates what I find to be the central object of the map as a whole, which is to use abstraction to convey a political message. The color washes appear to have been applied by a distracted artist rather than a fastidious cartographer. For instance, the colors spill over lines liberally—Long Island Sound or the loose splashes over Nantucket and Martha’s Vineyard provide good examples. There is almost the sense that the cartographer accidentally spilled buckets of paint over the map. This looseness plays into how the abstract colors represent political ideology rather than distinct geographic features. In conveying that political message, the mapmakers made distinct choices in color choice. Coloring the slave states a dark blue-gray gives the impression that the slave power is as a storm cloud that darkens and encroaches upon the innocent, natural greenness of the unclaimed territories. This dark coloring of slavery also has the effect of connoting immorality, especially in contrast to the bright, chipper cherry red of the free states. Moreover, the dark blue has the effect of making it extremely difficult to discern the natural features, like rivers, in the slave states—a fact that I learned the hard way in my tracing. I contend that this obfuscation of natural features is intentional; the mapmakers seek to prove in obscuring the rivers and mountains that slavery is unnatural and counter to the ideals of the land that the red and green colors highlight so much more clearly and favorably. Analytical Tag: Kansas Nebraska Act Analytical Tag: Repeal of Missouri Compromise Analytical Tag: Westward Expansion General Content: red green and blue General Content: Slavery and Freedom General Content: Watercolor https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1952/original/611d1c924cb01d341262e912696cec9a.jpg 217053d58b5bdcdc47223b2469bfe7d5 Map layer Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Transportation routes Description An account of the resource Railways and flight routes are marked with pencil; railways are marked with hatched lines and flight paths are marked with dotted lines. green mountain range terrain Topography waterways https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1952/original/7b9acc20c0be774dd8f5c4f818a4dbd7.jpg 2c571b7883379a6e80c4630a12ce7090 Map layer Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Major cities and towns; major rivers Description An account of the resource Major cities and towns are marked with large pink stars; major rivers are marked in blue and labeled. major cities regional centers settlements transportation hubs waterways