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1d9fcc75a842f26524a581091dfc417a
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Wallace's Line
Description
An account of the resource
This collection displays snapshots of the career of Alfred Russel Wallace. Best known for his simultaneous discovery of evolution with Charles Darwin, Wallace is also notable for pioneering the discipline of biogeography. The maps in this collection show the arc of his career in exploration and theory related to the distributions of animal species. Wallace was trained as a railway surveyor before beginning his career in natural history, and mapping was a crucial part of his scientific thinking. The prelude to his essay describing the mechanism of natural selection was one describing how similar species arise coincident in space and time. His work on evolution was central to his career, but so too was his work delineating how different groups of species occupied different parts of the world. This collection features maps produced for Wallace's publications which visualize his process of creating geographical divisions based on animal life.
Historical Map
Fill out as many of these fields as possible. Required Dublin core fields include Title, Description, Publisher
Type
individual map, atlas sheet, book figure, part of bound collection, born-digital
Book figure
Cartographer
Edward Stanford
John Bolton
Format notes
This map is included in the book by Wallace, but it is unclear whether he produced it. In his text, he notes that Mr. Stanford and Mr. Bolton worked out the details of the maps. These men, the proprietor and cartographer of Stanford's map shop in London, most likely made the map for Wallace's book.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The World on Mercator's Projection Shewing the Zoogeographical Regions and the Approximate Undulations of the Ocean Bed
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
The geographical distribution of animals; with a study of the relations of living and extinct faunas as elucidating the past changes of the Earth's surface. Vol. 1.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Harper & Brothers
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1876
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Alfred Russel Wallace
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
World (excluding Antarctica)
Description
An account of the resource
This map is the frontispiece of Wallace's book "On the Geographical Distribution of Animals. With a Study of the Relations of Living and Extinct Faunas as Elucidating the Past Changes of the Earth's Surface" (1876). This map shows the 6 regions into which Wallace believed the world could be divided based on the distinct groups of animals living in them. It also draws lines around subdivisions within those regions; Wallace established each of these subdivisions by comparing the ranges of many species and higher-level groups of animals and locating borders past which the ranges of numerous animal groups did not extend. The red lines on this map are not absolute boundaries that no taxonomic groups cross. Many cosmopolitan animal groups live in multiple of these regions, but Wallace thought constructing biogeographical regions was still important because, as the title of his book suggests, a sense of what regions share biota can help scientists figure out historical associations between different landmasses. Biogeography has serious implications for the evolution of both life and earth, and Wallace's evolutionary theories were based on his study of biogeographical ranges. Wallace was not the first to map out biogeographical regions of the world. He built off of the work of earlier natural historians and explorers who had noted distinct floras of plants on different continents and of the ornithologist Philip Lutley Sclater who, a few years earlier, had divided the world into six regions based on their passerine birds. However, Wallace, unlike any before him, focused his whole career on studying the distribution of species. This map shows the global scale of the conclusions that he was able to draw with further study building off his experience observing the details of species in the Malay Archipelago.
and city names
Australian region
biogeographical division line
continent outlines
contours of sea depth
dashed lines
desert labels
Ethiopan region
mountain range labels
Nearctic region
Neotropical region
numbers and outlines of subdivisions within biogeographical regions
Oriental region
Palaearctic region
region
selected country
shading of biogeographic regions
solid lines
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b9bc1fe037ff6fcac2df046ed89e2d77
Historical Map
Fill out as many of these fields as possible. Required Dublin core fields include Title, Description, Publisher
Cartographer
Philippe Buache
Type
individual map, atlas sheet, book figure, part of bound collection, born-digital
individual map
Repository
Harvard Map Collection
Call Number
63301.512 1750.88
URL or Unique Identifier
http://ids.lib.harvard.edu/ids/view/52869377?buttons=y
Date Published
1750
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Carte des nouvelles découvertes au nord de la mer du Sud, tant à l'est de la Siberie et du Kamtchatka, qu'à l'ouest de la Nouvelle France : dressée sur les mémoires de Mr. Del'Isle, professeur royal et de l'Académie des sciences
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Philippe Buache
Joseph-Nicolas Delisle
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1750
Language
A language of the resource
French
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
l'Academie des Sciences
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
North America, the North Pacific, and Western Asia
18th century
Alaska
colored outlines and shading
continent outlines
european exploration
French
geopolitical divisions
human presence on land
illustrations
Kamchatka
labels of tribal lands
lakes
native americans
Navigation
North America
notes on time and captains of voyages
Pacific
ports
positional knowledge (level of accuracy?)
rivers
ship routes
theoretical geography
transportation network
treatment of the unknown
waterways
well-defined geographic information
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https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1952/original/aa4d74c15c3eb85aebddaea905a64b47.jpg
bf23e83f2df6fd975a28d95e09398e6d
Map layer
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Continent Outlines with labels referring to newly-discovered lands
Description
An account of the resource
This layer shows the outlines of continents, both known and unknown. The only color on the map traces the known coasts of North America (yellow), Greenland and nearby land (green), and Asia (pink). The relatively unknown coasts of the land around present-day Alaska, which is the focus of the map, are not colored. Rather, all of the postulated North Pacific land is lightly shaded yellow, and some of the less-known coasts are marked with light dotted lines. I have also included on this layer the place names and notes on the land in the North Pacific because these seem to be important indicators of how this land that the map is reporting was discovered and the kind of information that is needed to clarify this indistinct landmass into a well-known continent like the other landmasses on the map with their clearly delineated and colored outlines.
colored outlines and shading
continent outlines
geopolitical divisions
notes on land content
treatment of the unknown
well-defined geographic information