02 Railway Network
Map of Greater Cleveland
Layer 02 depicts the railway network. Rail is one of two types of transit modes in this map, and a central theme.
General Content: Railway
General Content: Commerce
General Content: Stockyards
Analytical Content: Major Transit Routes
Analytical Content: Tranist Logistics
Maryland Interstate Plan, 1955
Interstate development
From the Smith Report of 1945, the map shows early plans for the location of Interstate 70 in Maryland, encircling Baltimore. It was the first study to propose an express route. The map was later included in the General Location of National System of Interstate Highways document, also known as the Yellow Book of 1955. This map and route was never realized due to heavy local discord, particularly the east-west connection. Interstate 70 is also known as the Eisenhower Memorial Highway, for much of it's stretch, designated in 1973 by a Congressional Act and dedicated as the Korean War Veterans Memorial Highway for its entire its expanse in 2002 by the Maryland General Assembly. It is part of the National Highway System.
1945
Railways
The railways are drawn on the map in thick lines, labelled by their destinations, and emphasised by side-on engravings of trains. In these ways they are placed ahead of other forms of transport: roads and canals are shown, but they do not specifically link Paris to other parts of France, and visually merge with the background of the map. In part this seems just to be an attempt to flag up an exciting technological innovation, and one that must have been very recent: the trains to not lead to names stations but to small, sparely depicted “embarcaderes,” which suggests that formal large railway stations had not yet been built—indeed each line leads to a different, single embarcadere. The depiction of the railways is comparable to that of the monuments (both break the 2D visual language of the map) and that of the forts, which also link Paris with areas not depicted on the map. Railways are highlighted in red on a small accompanying map of the surrounding area, which also shows nearby towns, fortifications, rivers and roads, none of which are marked in colour. It is interesting examining the interaction between the railways and the other layers—the lines circle Paris between the Murs d’Enceinte and Murs d’Octroi, and only enter central Paris to reach their terminuses, perhaps indicating which areas were most densely populated and had the most powerful residents.
I ran out of tracing paper so I traced these lines on the same sheets as the Monuments. They don't overlap.
Routes from London to Europe in 1913
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This network graph has as its nodes points at which passengers would embark or disembark trains or boats on long journeys from London to various European destinations, as advised by the table of quickest routes in the index of <em>Cook's Continental Time Table.</em> One can trace the quickest journey back to London by clicking on any destination and following the arrows. This graph shows how British travellers to Europe did so overwhelmingly via a small number of places -- most notably Paris but also Cologne and Basel ("Bale" in the time table). Thus we can see that France, and the French state as encountered in Paris, was very familiar to British travellers. And while the Rhineland was familiar, Prussia and Berlin were distant and passed through relatively seldom.
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This map shows most of the data points on the network graph on a modern map of Europe, with the size and colour of the dots indicating distance in hours from London as indicated in Cook's Time Table. Regrettably, to allow Google's geotagging feature to work, it uses modern place names and country names. Those points with more than one dot represent multiple routes taking longer or shorter amounts of time. This kind of scale gives one a more meaningful sense of how far different places in Europe were from London, and thus perhaps how distant and foreign they seemed to British people before the First World War.
Compiled from data in <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015021229151;view=1up;seq=1"><em>Cook's Continental Time Table, Steamship and Air Services, </em>1913.</a>
2016
Data Visualization
Continental (but neither of these are historical maps)