Borderlines, walls, and forts (Map layer)

Borderlines, walls, and forts

This map applied both borderlines and color wash to distinguish different regimes. It is remarkable that no color wash was applied on Hamburg. Its territory was only depicted by a red borderline. A possible explanation is that a plain background was more suitable for showing details and adding small areas of colors to emphasize. (On the other hand, another regime with a red borderline similar to Hamburg was covered with pink color paint. This pink color also helps to distinguish it from Hamburg.) Other than borderlines, the cartographer also portrayed walls and forts in details. The walls and borderlines did not always match. This phenomenon may partially reflect the political history and political interactions of this region.