Browse Items (258 total)

The railways are drawn on the map in thick lines, labelled by their destinations, and emphasised by side-on engravings of trains. In these ways they are placed ahead of other forms of transport: roads and canals are shown, but they do not…

This layer shows the outlines of continents, both known and unknown. The only color on the map traces the known coasts of North America (yellow), Greenland and nearby land (green), and Asia (pink). The relatively unknown coasts of the land around…

This layer shows the rivers shown in North America and Asia, as well as lakes (shaded in) to which inland rivers connect. Rivers (and their labels, which I have not included in this layer) make up the majority of information shown in continental…

This layer shows all the information on the map related to the native peoples of the lands shown. It includes the illustrations of natives from Louisiana and Kamchatka that decorate the top of the map as well as all labels related to where different…

This layer shows the routes of various voyages that are plotted on this map. All of these routes are labelled, usually with who took them and the date of the trip. Two are common Russian routes, and I have also included the ports labelled on the…

This layer contains the places where people lived, in either permanent or temporary settlements. The settlements represented include both indigenous and colonial presences. A representation of these two type of settlements could give Spanish readers…

This layer includes the map's keys (one for symbols, one for determining water depth), latitude and longitude lines, and significant place names. This layer would have been essential for contemporary readers, especially ones with no first hand…

This layer contains the map's depiction of land status, as represented by owner. It divides the land represented into either Spanish, English, and American possessions or "unknown land." This layer represents the purpose behind the map -- expanding…

This layer contains mountains, rivers, and other bodies of water. These geographic features determine the means and availability of access to lands, and serve as a natural math of the colonial exploration/exploitation of America.

This layer outlines the coasts of all the land not included in the major landmasses outline, so all of what would be considered “islands,” when the definition of “islands” doesn’t include what were the “continents.” I’m having a tough time…