This map, named The Map of the Borderlines of China and Russia, is a selected translation from one 1884 Russian map. Hong Jun (1839-1893), who had been the Qing Empire’s emissary, bought the original map in Russia and translated place names into Chinese. His purpose of translation was to make use of Russian’s accurate survey on the borders, roads, and landscapes. The maps of the Russian Empire and the Qing Empire calculate the longitude in a different way. (For Russia, the zero degrees longitude line passes Moscow; for China, it passes Beijing.) Therefore, Hong Jun offers the method to make conversions in the map’s notes.